Pre/Post-Fire Soil Erosion and Evaluation of Check-Dams Effectiveness in Mediterranean Suburban Catchments Based on Field Measurements and Modeling

Margiorou, Stella; Kastridis, Aristeidis; Sapountzis, Marios

doi:10.3390/land11101705

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The apparent return to steady‐state hydrological conditions (or lack of deviation from baseline conditions), and the capacity for hydrological resilience is potentially explained by multiple interacting factors: Intrinsic thresholds were not exceeded: While the percent of area burned in the RRW was sufficiently beyond reported disturbance thresholds (>20%), the lack of hydrological response could be attributed to many factors that are unique to this Mediterranean ecoregion that impart intrinsic thresholds required for change. We hypothesize this could be due to the low/moderately flammable nature of sparse oak woodlands (Curt et al., 2011; Engber et al., 2011), spatial heterogeneity of wildfire severity (Moody et al., 2013), intense drought conditions (Nunes et al., 2020), and lack of post‐wildfire storms to sufficiently exceed infiltration excess and saturation excess flow due to the drought (Margiorou et al., 2022). We hypothesize that sub‐watersheds of the RRW Mediterranean ecoregion have not burned beyond an intrinsic, and still unknown threshold required to initiate change (Peterson et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Drought in a Northern California Coastal Region Suppresses Wildfire Impacts on Hydrology

Underwood

Murphy

et al. 2023

Water Resources Research

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Wildfires naturally occur in many landscapes, however they are undergoing rapid regime shifts. Despite the emphasis in the literature on the most severe hydrological responses to wildfire, there remains a knowledge gap on the thresholds of wildfire (i.e., burned area/drainage area ratio, BAR) required to initiate hydrological responses. We investigated hydrological changes in the Russian River Watershed (RRW) in California, a coastal, Mediterranean, drought‐prone, wildfire‐adapted ecosystem, following ten wildfires that burned 30% of the watershed. Our findings suggest that sub‐watersheds of the RRW have not burned beyond an intrinsic, unknown, threshold required to initiate change. Using paired watersheds, we examined spatiotemporal patterns of pre‐and‐post wildfire hydrology with a rainfall‐runoff hydrological model. Even though these successive wildfires burned 1%–50% of each sub‐watershed (1%–30% at moderate/high severity), we found little evidence of wildfire‐related shifts in hydrology. As a function of BAR, wildfire imposed limited effects on runoff ratios (runoff/precipitation) and runoff residuals (observations—model simulations). Our findings that post‐wildfire runoff enhancements asymptote beyond 30% burn indicate that when a watershed is burned beyond a certain threshold, the magnitude of the hydrologic response no longer increases. Drought and storm conditions explained much of the variability observed in streamflow, whereas wildfire explained only moderate variability in streamflow even when wildfire accounted for >45% BAR. While the BAR in the RRW was sufficiently beyond previously reported minimum disturbance thresholds (>20% burned forest), the lack of hydrological response is attributed to buffering effects of wildfire adaptation and drought factors that are unique to Mediterranean ecoregions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Drought in a Northern California Coastal Region Suppresses Wildfire Impacts on Hydrology

Underwood

Murphy

et al. 2023

Water Resources Research

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“…However, in 1997, the forest experienced a devastating wildfire that destroyed more than half of its area. The impact of the 1997 wildfire has been far-reaching, affecting not only the forest ecosystem but also the local community [33]. The data used in the present study were captured from various sites in the Thessaloniki metropolitan area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suburban Forest Fire Risk Assessment and Forest Surveillance Using 360-Degree Cameras and a Multiscale Deformable Transformer

et al. 2023

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In the current context of climate change and demographic expansion, one of the phenomena that humanity faces are the suburban wildfires. To prevent the occurrence of suburban forest fires, fire risk assessment and early fire detection approaches need to be applied. Forest fire risk mapping depends on various factors and contributes to the identification and monitoring of vulnerable zones where risk factors are most severe. Therefore, watchtowers, sensors, and base stations of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles need to be placed carefully in order to ensure adequate visibility or battery autonomy. In this study, fire risk assessment of an urban forest was performed and the recently introduced 360-degree data were used for early fire detection. Furthermore, a single-step approach that integrates a multiscale vision transformer was introduced for accurate fire detection. The study area includes the suburban pine forest of Thessaloniki city (Greece) named Seich Sou, which is prone to wildfires. For the evaluation of the performance of the proposed workflow, real and synthetic 360-degree images were used. Experimental results demonstrate the great potential of the proposed system, which achieved an F-score for real fire event detection rate equal to 91.6%. This indicates that the proposed method could significantly contribute to the monitoring, protection, and early fire detection of the suburban forest of Thessaloniki.

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“…Low RMSE and MAE values indicate better performance of models. Based on previous studies the RMSE values less than half of the SD (Standard Deviation) of the observed data (RMSE/Sdobs < 0.65) may be considered low and acceptable [58,59]. Based on Table 4, this equation applies.…”

Section: Analysis Of Future Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, R 2 , MAE and RMSE were used to select the best regression relationship for the estimation of the R-factor of the Smith-Wischmeier method. Based on previous studies that RMSE values less than half of the SD (Standard Deviation) of the observed data (RMSE/SD obs < 0.65) may be considered low and acceptable [58,59]. Based on Table 4, this equation applies.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of R-factor Erosivity In Current and Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Rainfall Erosivity over Iran Based on CMIP5 Climate Models

Farokhzadeh

Bazrafshan

Singh

et al. 2022

Water

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Soil erosion affects agricultural production, and industrial and socioeconomic development. Changes in rainfall intensity lead to changes in rainfall erosivity (R-factor) energy and consequently changes soil erosion rate. Prediction of soil erosion is therefore important for soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changes in climatic parameters (precipitation) on soil erosion rates in the near future (2046–2065) and far future (2081–2100). For this purpose, the CMIP5 series models under two scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 were used to predict precipitation and the R-factor using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Rainfall data from synoptic stations for 30 years were used to estimate the R- factor in the RUSLE model. Results showed that Iran’s climate in the future would face increasing rainfall, specially in west and decreasing rainfall in the central and northern parts. Therefore, there is an increased possibility of more frequent occurrences of heavy and torrential rains. Results also showed that the transformation of annual rainfall was not related to the spatial change of erosion. In the central and southern parts, the intensity of rainfall would increase. Therefore, erosion would be more in the south and central areas.

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Pre/Post-Fire Soil Erosion and Evaluation of Check-Dams Effectiveness in Mediterranean Suburban Catchments Based on Field Measurements and Modeling

Cited by 27 publications

References 116 publications

Prolonged Drought in a Northern California Coastal Region Suppresses Wildfire Impacts on Hydrology

Prolonged Drought in a Northern California Coastal Region Suppresses Wildfire Impacts on Hydrology

Suburban Forest Fire Risk Assessment and Forest Surveillance Using 360-Degree Cameras and a Multiscale Deformable Transformer

Future Rainfall Erosivity over Iran Based on CMIP5 Climate Models

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