“…In this paper, the generation of hot electrons at grazing incidence of a subpicosecond intense laser pulse onto a plane solid target is analyzed for the parameters of the petawatt high-energy laser for heavy ion experiments (PHELIX) (Bagnoud et al, 2010;Wagner et al, 2014a) using three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) modeling (Pukhov, 1999) and a wide-range hydro modeling (Povarnitsyn et al, 2012a) of the preplasma expansion under the action of the laser prepulse. Elaboration of wide-range models of the laser-matter interaction is necessary for planning and interpretation of experiments carried out in view of different applications aimed for the development of secondary sources of high energy particles and hard radiation (Morace et al, 2014;Brabetz et al, 2015;Rusby et al, 2015;Vaisseau et al, 2015).…”