Pre-Olympic Ice-Skaters Training Versus Muscle Fatigability Assessed by sEMG

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the size of the change in fatigability of gluteus 9 maximus muscles during difficult endurance training in dynamic conditions. The research covered 10 involved eight female athletes of the Polish National Team in short track, which had been prepared 11 to the Olympic Games in PyeongChang. The sEMG system was used to measure fatigue of right 12 and left gluteus maximus muscles, in the modified Biering-Sorensen test. The test was conducted 13 five times during the training: before training, after warmup, and after each of 3 series of the 14 endurance training. Comparing the mean frequency of the surface electromyography power 15 spectrum of the first and the last seconds of the test, statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of the 16 average frequency value of the right muscle from 55.61±7.08 Hz to 48.64±4.48 Hz and left muscle 17 from 58.78±4.98 Hz to 53.18±4.62 Hz was reported. In the conducted Biering-Sorensen test, the value 18 of the muscle signal frequency measured by surface electromyography decreases, which may prove 19 the muscle fatigue. Reductions in the frequency measured in the first and the last second of the test, 20 was higher of the right lower limb. The size of the d Cohen effect in fatigue drops along with 21 subsequent five tests during the training.22 Keywords: Muscle fatigue; isometric contraction; gluteus maximus; fatigue effect; short track; 23 fatigue threshold 24 25 1. Introduction 26In speed skating, we distinguish two disciplines differing from each other in the track length 27 and skating technique. In short track, the distance of one lap is 111 m, which is less than one third of 28 the skating track on a long track (400m). Such a short distance forces the competitors to go along an 29 oval track with high speed and small turn radiuses. During a race at a distance of 1000 m the short 30 track competitor, when turning, generates twice as large forces as on a long track [1]. In order to 31 obtain the best possible result in short track, the organism of the athlete should be resistant to fatigue. 32In addition, what also matters are the race tactics, psychological and technical aspects, maximum 33 voluntary contraction force, reaction time and the quality of lower limb muscle coordination [2, 3, 4]. 34The following tests, in three aspects, focused on the issue of local muscle fatigue in short track 35 female athletes. One of aspects applies to the fatigue of gluteus maximus muscles that extend femoral 36 joint and substantially affect the strength of lower limb bounce off the ice pane. The second aspect 37 applies to determining the level of asymmetry between the right and the left examined muscle, while 38 the final one applies to the size of the fatigue effect. 39Currently, winning a competition is affected by many nuances in preparation for start. The 40 muscle fatigue analysis conducted in the research is of great practical importance in the training 41 process, as well as in everyday life. Undertaking physical activity is inseparably associ...

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