Pre-Olympia Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Chronology in the Central Puget Lowland, Washington

Easterbrook, Don J.; Crandell, Dwight Raymond; Leopold, Estella B.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[13:ppsaci]2.0.co;2

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Conceptual Quaternary stratigraphic framework for the Puget Lowland showing the younger Whidbey Island type section [ Easterbrook et al , 1967] with the addition of the Olympia beds [ Troost , 1999] and the older Puyallap Valley type section [ Crandell et al , 1958]. At present, an age data gap exists between the older reversed‐polarity section (>780 ka) and the younger normal‐polarity section (< ∼ 250 ka).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south central Puget Lowland, Washington

et al. 2002

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[1] Paleomagnetic results from Pleistocene sedimentary deposits in the central Puget Lowland indicate that the region has experienced widespread deformation within the last 780 kyr. Three oriented samples were collected from unaltered fine-grained sediments mostly at sea level to determine the magnetostratigraphy at 83 sites. Of these, 47 have normal, 18 have reversed, and 18 have transitional (8 localities) polarities. Records of reversed-to normal-polarity transitions of the geomagnetic field were found in thick sections of silt near the eastern end of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, and again at Wingehaven Park near the northern tip of Vashon Island. The transitional horizons, probably related to the Bruhnes-Matuyama reversal, apparently fall between previously dated Pleistocene sediments at the Puyallup Valley type section (all reversed-polarity) to the south and the Whidbey Island type section (all normal-polarity) to the north. The samples, in general, are of sufficient quality to record paleosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field, and a statistical technique is used to correlate horizons with significant agreement in their paleomagnetic directions. Our data are consistent with the broad structures of the Seattle uplift inferred at depth from seismic reflection, gravity, and aeromagnetic profiles, but the magnitude of vertical adjustments is greatly subdued in the Pleistocene deposits.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south central Puget Lowland, Washington

et al. 2002

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“…3). A wedge-shaped lens of fossiliferous glaciomarine drift few meters thick overlies the till (Easterbrook et a/., 1967). Pebbles of distinctive granite and garnet-schist in the till and underlying gravel establish a British Columbia source for both.…”

Section: Double Bluff Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possession Drift consists of compact, sandy till, sand and gravel, and stony clay glaciomarine drift (Easterbrook et al, 1967). At its type locality at Possession Point (Fig.…”

Section: Possession Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Double Bluff glaciomarine drift typically consists of a massive, poorly sorted, stony, silt/clay diamicton (Easterbrook et al, 1967). Marine shells and shell fragments occur sporadically, but are not as abundant as in younger glaciomarine drifts, perhaps due in part to the paucity of exposures of Double Bluff Drift.…”

Section: Nature Of the Retreat Of The Cordilleran Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possession glaciomarine drift usually consists of a massive, poorly sorted, till-like diamicton (Easterbrook et al, 1967;Easterbrook, 1968). Unbroken marine shells are more common than in Double Bluff glaciomarine drift, and in some places, occur in great abundance.…”

Section: A Wilson Point Till De Possession Recouvert De Dépôts Glacimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advance and Retreat of Cordilleran Ice Sheets in Washington, U.S.A.

Easterbrook¹

2007

gpq

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Cordilleran Ice Sheet glaciations show characteristic patterns of advance and retreat, consisting of (1) advance out outwash, (2) glacial scouring, (3) deposition of till, (4) deposition of recessional outwash south of Seattle in the southern Puget Lowland, glaciomarine drift in the northern lowland, and eskers, kames, and small moraines on the Columbia Plateau. Radiocarbon dates show that the Puget and Juan de Fuca lobes advanced and retreated synchronously. The Puget lobe backwasted to Seattle by 13.4-14 ka yrs BP, where the thinning ice floated in seawater northward to Canada by 13 ka yrs BP depositing glaciomarine drift contemporaneously over 18,000 km2. Compelling evidence against the backwasting, calving, terminus model for the origin of the glaciomarine drift includes: 1) abundant 14C dates demonstrate simultaneous deposition of glaciomarine drift over the entire area; 2) stagnant-ice deposits closely related to glaciomarine drift are not consistent with an actively-calving, backwasting terminus; 3) irrefutable evidence for the nonmarine origin of Deming sand shows that Cordilleran ice was absent immediately prior to deposition of the overlying glaciomarine drift. The pattern of events in the northern Puget Lowland includes: 1) glacial loading under 1800 m of ice during the Vashon maximum; 2) rapid glacial thinning and floating of the ice deposited Kulshan glaciomarine drift 12-13 ka yrs BP; 3) emergence and deposition of fluvial Deming sand 11.5 ka yrs BP; 4) resubmer-gence and deposition of Bellingham glaciomarine drift up to -200 m, well beyond global eustatic sea level rise; 5) emergence 10.5-11.5 ka yrs BP and deposition of Sumas outwash on Bellingham glaciomarine drift; 6) Holocene eustatic sea level rise kept pace with isostatic rebound, thus, post-Sumas marine terraces are absent.

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Facies of Late Pleistocene Glacial-Marine Sediments on Whidbey Island, Washington: An Isostatic Glacial-Marine Sequence

Domack

1983

Glacial-Marine Sedimentation

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Pre-Olympia Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Chronology in the Central Puget Lowland, Washington

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south central Puget Lowland, Washington

Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south central Puget Lowland, Washington

Advance and Retreat of Cordilleran Ice Sheets in Washington, U.S.A.

Facies of Late Pleistocene Glacial-Marine Sediments on Whidbey Island, Washington: An Isostatic Glacial-Marine Sequence

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