Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer

Weir, Hannah K.; Marrett, Loraine D.; Kreiger, Nancy; Darlington, Gerarda; Sugar, Linda

doi:10.1002/1097-0215(20000801)87:3<438::aid-ijc20>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 192 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

145

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The decreased risk observed for number of older siblings shows that individuals of late birth order are at lower risk of testicular cancer. This finding is consistent with the in utero exposure hypothesis that firstborns, exposed to higher prenatal oestrogen levels compared to later ones, run a higher risk of testicular cancer (Westergaard et al, 1998;Richiardi et al, 2002), as confirmed by other measures of prenatal exposures to female hormones, such as maternal use of exogenous hormones during pregnancy (Weir et al, 2000). We observed no material difference between seminomas and non-seminomas, histopathological subtypes of testicular cancer (Sabroe and Olsen, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, birth order has been associated with birth weight, a risk factor for breast cancer (Juntunen et al, 1997;Potischman and Troisi, 1999;Barba et al, 2006). In utero estradiol levels decrease with birth order, with potential implications for risks of breast, testicular and possibly other cancer sites (Bernstein et al, 1986;Panagiotopoulou et al, 1990;Trichopoulos, 1990;Hsieh et al, 1991;Prener et al, 1992;Westergaard et al, 1998;Potischman and Troisi, 1999;Petridou et al, 2000;Weir et al, 2000;Hodgson et al, 2004;Richiardi et al, 2004;Sorensen et al, 2005). Family crowding necessarily involves intimate contacts between its members, with potential effects on infectious diseases (Kinlen et al, 1990;Altieri et al, 2006a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Number of siblings and the risk of solid tumours: a nation-wide study

Altieri

Hemminki

2007

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analysed the effects of number of siblings on the risk of solid tumours using the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, including population-based information on over 11 million individuals and more than 178 000 cancer patients diagnosed between 1958 and 2004. Incidence rate ratios (RRs), estimated by Poisson regression models, were adjusted for age, sex, birth cohort, area of residence and socioeconomic status. Having eight or more siblings vs none increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR ¼ 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44 -2.34). Anal cancer diagnosed before age 40 showed the strongest association with the total siblings (RR ¼ 3.27, 95% CI, 2.04 -5.26 for five or more siblings vs none). Endometrial (RR ¼ 0.76, 95% CI, 0.70 -0.82), testicular (RR ¼ 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62 -0.82), skin cancer (RR ¼ 0.82, 95% CI, 0.69 -0.97) and melanoma (RR ¼ 0.72, 95% CI, 0.65 -0.79) showed strong decreased risks for five or more siblings vs none. Prostate cancer risk for those with five or more older siblings vs none was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.23 -1.55). Having five or more younger siblings was most strongly associated with stomach cancer (RR ¼ 1.59, 95% CI, 1.29 -1.95) and melanoma (RR ¼ 0.68, 95% CI, 0.59 -0.79). We conclude that sibship characteristics are strong correlates of cancer risk at several sites; plausible interpretations include socioeconomic status.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of siblings and the risk of solid tumours: a nation-wide study

Altieri

Hemminki

2007

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…34,35 However, maternal smoking has not been linked to testis cancer risk in the majority of case-control studies conducted to date. 30,[36][37][38][39] Low birth weight and low gestational age have been reported in some studies to increase testis cancer risk. 29,36,40 With the improvements in recent decades in the survival of premature infants, 41 an increased frequency of testis cancers arising among survivors of premature birth may have contributed to an increase in testis cancer rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence

Purdue

Devesa

Sigurdson

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

199

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the incidence of testis cancer has risen markedly in many Western populations over the past half-century, it is not clear whether rates in other populations also have increased. To clarify this issue, we examined testis cancer incidence rates over the 25-year time period of 1973-1997 for selected populations around the world. Age-standardized incidence rates for 21 registries in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania over successive 5-year time periods were obtained from volumes [4][5][6][7][8] Among many Western populations, testicular cancer incidence increased markedly over much of the past 20th century, 3,4 although recent data from some cancer registries suggest that rates may be plateauing. 5,6 A divergence in trends for different histologic subtypes of testis cancer has also been reported. The majority of testis cancers are germ-cell tumors, which are grouped histologically into seminomas and nonseminomas. 3 In Canadian and U.S. white populations, the incidence of nonseminoma has been increasing less rapidly than that of seminoma. 7,8 No adequate explanations for these trends have been identified, as the etiologies of these malignancies remain largely unknown.As investigations into secular trends of testis cancer have generally focused on populations of European ancestry, it is not clear whether rates in low-incidence populations also have increased over time. A study on international cancer trends between 1973-1987 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) clearly demonstrated rising testis cancer rates in Japan and Puerto Rico but not in other low-incidence registries. 4 Since that time, IARC has published rates for additional time periods, enabling the analysis of secular trends over a longer time span. 2,9 To better understand how testis cancer incidence has changed over time across different populations, we examined incidence data over the 25-year period 1972-1997 from 21 populations in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Material and methods Incidence dataTo examine the secular trends in the incidence of testis cancer (ICD-8, ICD-9 186), 10,11 age-standardized (World Population) 12,13 incidence rates in 21 populations were obtained from volumes 4-8 of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5). 2,9,14,15,16 The CI5 volumes include incidence data reported by selected populationbased cancer registries covering areas within Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Volumes 4-8 generally provided data for the 5-year time periods 1973-1977, 1978-1982, 1983-1987, 1988-1992 and 1993-1997, respectively. Rates for volumes 5-8 were based upon the ICD-9 classification of testis cancer, and volume 4 used the ICD-8 classification; there were no changes in the coding of testis cancer between the eighth and ninth ICD revisions. Incidence rates for different histologic subtypes of testis cancer (seminoma, nonseminoma, other/unspecified) were abstracted from volume 8.Populations were chosen for inclusion in our analysis on the basis of the following criteria: (i) the availability ...

show abstract

“…The incidence and mortality data were tabulated as birth cohorts in 10-year intervals by subtracting the midpoints of 5-year age groups (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), . .…”

Section: Apc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Bray

Richiardi

Ekbom

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

286

197

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study profiles testicular cancer incidence and mortality across Europe, and the effects of age, period and generational influences, using age-period-cohort modeling. Despite a 5-fold variation in incidence rates, there were consistent mean increases in incidence in each of the 12 European countries studied, ranging from around 6% per annum (Spain and Slovenia) to 1-2% (Norway). In contrast, declines in testicular cancer mortality of 3-6% per annum were observed in the 1980s and 1990s for the majority of the 22 countries studied, particularly in Northern and Western Europe. The mortality trends in several European countries were rather stable (Romania and Bulgaria) or increasing (Portugal and Croatia). Short-term attenuations in increasing cohort-specific risk of incidence were indicated among men born between 1940 and 1945 in 7 European countries. In Switzerland, successive generations born from the mid 1960s may have experienced a steadily declining risk of disease occurrence. While the underlying risk factors responsible remain elusive, the temporal and geographical variability in incidence may point to an epidemic in different phases in different countries-the result of country-specific differences in the prevalence of one or several ubiquitous and highly prevalent environmental determinants of the disease. Advances in treatment have led to major declines in mortality in many European countries from the mid 1970s, which has translated to cohorts of men at successively lower risk of death from the disease. Slower progress in the delivery of optimal care is however evident from the mortality trends in several lower-resource countries in Southern and Eastern Europe. The first beneficiaries of therapy in these populations may be those men born-rather than diagnosed-in the era of major breakthrough in testicular cancer care. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: testicular cancer; incidence; mortality; time trends; epidemiology Testicular cancer accounts for 1-3% of all cancers in males in Western countries, but is the most common malignancy among young men (aged 15-34 years) in most European populations. 1 The highest incidence rates are recorded in a number of countries in Northern (Denmark, Norway), Central (Germany, Switzerland) and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic). 2 Incidence trends in almost all European populations are characterized by rapid increases in the last few decades, 3-7 particularly in adolescent men and young adults. 8 The etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood, and the underlying reasons for the steadily increasing incidence trends throughout Europe are largely unknown. Improving ascertainment and better diagnostic procedures cannot account for the estimated 3-5% rises in incidence per annum, as the course of the disease is rapidly fatal if left untreated. In addition, the consistent evidence of uniformly rising secular trends comes from a number of wellestablished European cancer registries with standardized procedures. 4 It has been hypothesized that the risk of testicular canc...

show abstract

Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer

Cited by 192 publications

References 30 publications

Number of siblings and the risk of solid tumours: a nation-wide study

Number of siblings and the risk of solid tumours: a nation-wide study

International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About