Pre-loading effect on site response: Site amplification and soil properties mismatch

Numerical Evaluation of Earthquake Settlements of Road Embankments and Mitigation by Preloading

“…In addition, an increase in lateral stress is obtained due to the modification of coefficient of earth pressure at rest (k o ) in the improved soil. The increase in horizontal stress and liquefaction cyclic strength by preloading has been studied and verified by both laboratory tests (Ishihara and Okada 1982;Wichtmann et al 2005;Bouferra et al 2007;Porcino et al 2009;Liu and Xu 2013) and elaborate field tests (Stamatopoulos et al 2005;Raptakis 2013;Stamatopoulos et al 2013).…”

Uncertainties on vs Profiles and Site Response at a Vertical Strong Motion Array

“…liquefaction, soilfoundation-structure interaction etc.). On the other hand, the exploration of Vs velocity is a rather non-straightforward task due to the nature of the demands of the anticipated study and its non-unique evaluation from different techniques (for details see also Raptakis, 2012, 2013and Raptakis and Makra, 2015. Then, in such cases of different VS estimates available at a site, it is necessary to understand the differences and not simply compute an average.…”