Pre-Hypertension and Its Determinants in Healthy Young Adults: Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII

Abstract

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young adults between the ages of 19 and under 45, excluding those with a diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medications. Of the 2225 participants, the normotensive group was 1498 (67.3%) and the pre-hypertensive group 727 (32.7%). Determinants of pre-hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression based on a complex sample design. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels. Pre-hypertension is a pre-stage that can prevent the morbidity of hypertension through lifestyle control, so its management is very important. Furthermore, a young adult is a stage in the growth and development of human beings, in which lifestyles such as healthy behaviors, eating habits, and exercise are fixed. Therefore, it is very important to improve lifestyles such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation and to control risk factors in young adults who are at the pre-hypertension stage for health promotion. Continuous health examinations should be conducted for young adults, and education that can be practiced based on clinical data through this should be implemented for community health.

New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

“…The authors explored the trajectories of blood pressure among the youth and middle-aged non-hypertensive Chinese population and CV risk, finding statistically significant associations mainly between systolic blood pressure trajectories and stroke and myocardial infarction. Determinants of pre-hypertension in 2225 normotensive and pre-hypertensive healthy young adults enrolled in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 were investigated by Jang I [ 59 ]. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels.…”

Measurement invariance of the patient health questionnaire-9 depression scale in a nationally representative population-based sample

“…Nevertheless, differences in the PHQ-9 among medical-condition groups have been continuously reported. For example, depressive symptoms measured using the PHQ-9 were compared between patients with cancer and a general population ( Hinz et al, 2016 ), between normotensive and prehypertensive groups ( Jang, 2021 ), and between nonstroke and stroke survivor groups ( Hong et al, 2021 ) without the evidence of measurement invariance in the PHQ-9 across these groups. In other words, the findings of group differences in depressive symptoms were insufficient for the confidence that the differences were due to the true nature of depression.…”

Prevalence of prehypertension among adults: a study from Peshawar

“…Identifying individuals with PHTN provides an opportunity for early intervention and lifestyle modifications, which can significantly reduce the risk of developing HTN and its associated complications. 3 People with PHTN are at the greatest risk of developing HTN and have a higher risk of acquiring circulatory diseases, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. 4 PHTN is related to nearly 60% of stroke and about 50% of ischemic heart disease.…”