Pre-frontal lobe gyrification index in schizophrenia, mental retardation and comorbid groups: An automated study

Bonnici, Heidi M.; William, Timothy; Moorheàd, J. F.; Stanfield, Andrew C.; Harris, Jonathan M.; Owens, David C.; Johnstone, Eve C.; Lawrie, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.031

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Using this measure, we detected significantly reduced lGI in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortices and the right orbital frontal cortex. These results are consistent with a previous region-of-interest study, which revealed decreased gyrification in the prefrontal cortex in MR. 16 Moreover, we also detected reduced lGI in the bilateral insular and adjacent frontal and temporal cortices, the bilateral primary visual cortices and their associated cortices, the bilateral precentral gyri, the right superior temporal gyrus, and the left superior parietal lobe. These abnormalities in cortical gyrification revealed by significant reduction of lGI may suggest a developmental disturbance in intracortical organization and cortical connectivities in MR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Using A-GI, a region-of-interest study reported that patients with MR have reduced gyrification in the prefrontal lobe compared with healthy controls. 16 Because studies have shown that MR involves alterations in multiple brain regions, 5,7,8 it is necessary to detect brain areas with abnormal cortical gyrification in MR by using a whole-brain analysis, which contributes to understanding the neuropathology of this disorder.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another measure of gyrification is A-GI. 16 Although this method is automatic and does not need extra intervention, it still cannot localize specific regions with abnormal cortical gyrification.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] In this study, we used this measure to investigate gyrification abnormalities in MR. We contrasted the lGI between healthy controls and patients with MR by using a surface-based GLM tool to map group contrasts on a vertex-by-vertex basis. On the basis of previous studies, 5,7,8,16 we hypothesized that patients with MR would exhibit reductions in lGI in multiple brain regions, including the prefrontal lobe.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reduced Cortical Folding in Mental Retardation

Zhang¹,

Zhou²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:MR is a developmental disorder associated with impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior. With a 2D region of interestϪbased GI, a preliminary study reported significantly reduced gyrification in the prefrontal lobe in MR. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the abnormalities of cortical gyrification in MR and to explore the possible causes of these abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Reduced Cortical Folding in Mental Retardation

Zhang¹,

Zhou²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Most previous investigations have quantified differences in gyrification at preselected regions of interest (ROI), especially the cingulate 11,12 and the prefrontal cortex. [13][14][15] As a result, unlike the robust evidence localizing volumetric changes in patients with schizophrenia to the insula, the spatial distribution of focal gyrification abnormalities in these patients is currently unclear. If widespread abnormalities are present, this might reflect a deviation of the neurodevelopmental processes that produce gyrification; abnormalities confined to specific pathways might indicate a more focal defect that affects regions that are mutually connected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Palaniyappan

Liddle

2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

114

103

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IntroductionSchizophrenia is regarded as a disorder of connectivity associated with neurodevelopmental abnormality.1 Despite accumulating evidence for disturbances in functional connectivity, 2 it is unclear how these findings are related to defective cortical development.Developmental aberrations can affect several characteristic anatomic features of the grey matter surface. Cortical development is constrained by the need to develop a cost-efficient wiring scheme wherein signal transmission is quick and effective 3 and by the limitations on the total brain size partly to facilitate parturition. 4,5 This is facilitated by a substantial expansion of surface area along with a high degree of cortical folding despite a relatively minor gain in cortical thickness during evolutionary development. 6 This remarkable dissociation between thickness and surface area persists in adult human brains. 7Axonal connections in the developing brain are considered to be one of several factors that influence the morphology of the cortical surface. 8 In particular, a widely accepted model of cortical morphogenesis suggests that the appearance of cortical convolutions is dependent on the underlying neuronal connectivity.9 Disturbances in regional cortical gyrification can be a surrogate marker for disruptions in neuronal connectivity during development. 9,10Most studies examining neuroanatomical changes in patients with schizophrenia have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and report consistent volume reduction bilaterally in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Compared with the number of studies investigating volumetric defects, relatively few studies have attempted to locate gyrification defects within the entire cortex in patients with schizophrenia (see White and Hilgetag 10 for a detailed review). Most previous investigations have quantified differences in gyrification at preselected regions of interest (ROI), Background: Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of cerebral connectivity associated with disturbances of cortical development. Disturbances in connectivity at an early period of cortical maturation can result in widespread defects in gyrification. Investigating the anatomic distribution of gyrification defects can provide important information about neurodevelopment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We undertook an automated surface-based morphometric assessment of gyrification on 3-dimensionally reconstructed cortical surfaces across multiple vertices that cover the entire cortex. We used a sample from our previous research of 57 patients (50 men) with schizophrenia and 41 controls (39 men) in whom we had tested a specific hypothesis regarding presence of both hypoand hypergyria in the prefrontal cortex using a frontal region-of-interest approach. Results: Regions with significant reductions in gyrification (hypogyria) were seen predominantly in the left hemisphere, involving the insula and several regions of the multimodal association cortex. Although the prefrontal hypergyria documented ea...

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Association analysis of schizophrenia on 18 genes involved in neuronal migration: MDGA1 as a new susceptibility gene

Kähler

Djurovic

Kulle

et al. 2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

105

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Several lines of evidence support the theory of schizophrenia (SZ) being a neurodevelopmental disorder. The structural, cytoarchitectural and functional brain abnormalities reported in patients with SZ, might be due to aberrant neuronal migration, since the final position of neurons affects neuronal function, morphology, and formation of synaptic connections. We have investigated the putative association between SZ and gene variants engaged in the neuronal migration process, by performing an association study on 839 cases and 1,473 controls of Scandinavian origin. Using a gene-wide approach, tagSNPs in 18 candidate genes have been genotyped, with gene products involved in the neuron-to-glial cell adhesion, interactions with the DISC1 protein and/or rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. Of the 289 markers tested, 19 markers located in genes MDGA1, RELN, ITGA3, DLX1, SPARCL1, and ASTN1, attained nominal significant P-values (P < 0.05) in either a genotypic or allelic association test. All of these genes, except transcription factor DLX1, are involved in the adhesion between neurons and radial glial cells. Eight markers obtained nominal significance in both tests, and were located in intronic or 3'UTR regions of adhesion molecule MDGA1 and previously reported SZ candidate RELN. The most significant result was attained for MDGA1 SNP rs9462341 (unadjusted association results: genotypic P = 0.00095; allelic P = 0.010). Several haplotypes within MDGA1, RELN, ITGA3, and ENAH were nominally significant. Further studies in independent samples are needed, including upcoming genome wide association study results, but our data suggest that MDGA1 is a new SZ susceptibility gene, and that altered neuronal migration is involved in SZ pathology.

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Pre-frontal lobe gyrification index in schizophrenia, mental retardation and comorbid groups: An automated study

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Reduced Cortical Folding in Mental Retardation

Reduced Cortical Folding in Mental Retardation

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Association analysis of schizophrenia on 18 genes involved in neuronal migration: MDGA1 as a new susceptibility gene

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