Pre-equilibrium processes in (p,n) reactions

Birattari, C.; Gadloli, E.; Erba, E. Gadioli; Strini, A. M. Grassi; Strini, G.; Tagliaferri, G.

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(73)90322-9

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Results from ten productions of 89 Zr selected for having the highest effective specific activities (sorted from highest to lowest). The predicted activity produced from each cyclotron bombardment is given in Table 1 and was calculated using published empirical cross-section data for the nat Y(p,n) 89 Zr reaction [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] (see ESI) and the theoretical stopping ranges of protons in Y metal. The former data were accessed through the NNDC database [19] and the latter from calculations performed using the SRIM software [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routine Production of 89Zr Using an Automated Module

et al. 2013

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89Zr has emerged as a useful radioisotope for targeted molecular imaging via positron emission tomography (PET) in both animal models and humans. This isotope is particularly attractive for cancer research because its half-life (t 1/2 = 3.27 days) is well-suited for in vivo targeting of macromolecules and nanoparticles to cell surface antigens expressed by cancer cells. Furthermore, 89Zr emits a low-energy positron (E β+,mean = 0.40 MeV), which is favorable for high spatial resolution in PET, with an adequate branching ratio for positron emission (BR = 23%). The demand for 89 Zr for research purposes is increasing; however, 89Zr also emits significant gamma radiation (Γ 15 keV = 6.6 Rcm 2 /mCih), which makes producing large amounts of this isotope by hand unrealistic from a radiation safety standpoint. Fortunately, a straightforward method exists for production of Zr safely and routinely, at activities in excess of 50 mCi, with radionuclidic purity > 99.9% and satisfactory effective specific activity (ESA).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important characteristics of 89 Zr production in general are summarized in Table 2, and the parameters and results from eight publications [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] about 89 Zr production are shown in the ESI. 88 Zr contaminant, while still producing 89 Zr [19,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Production of 89Zr Using an Automated Module

et al. 2013

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“…A factor accounting for the same effect is also discussed by Birattari et al (4). All these factors are compared in Table 1 for a neutron-induced reaction.…”

Section: G(n I)= 1 I G(n I)= H Z I=0 I=0mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The difference in transition rates is, however, usually neglected in calculations. Some authors [4][5][6] do account for the n-p distinction in emission rates but give divergent results. In the present work a closed-form solution and the effective one-component equation have been derived from the two-component equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Two-component equilibration in the exciton model of nuclear reactions

Gupta

1981

Z Physik A

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A generalized two-components master-equation approach for a nuclear system towards equilibration is described, two-components being the proton and the neutron components. An approximate closed form solution of the two-component equation is discussed. Further an effective one-component master equation is derived from it. Explicit expressions for effective transition and emission rates are derived under a binomial model. The mean free path of an exciton has been found to be reduced in accounting for the two-component equilibration.

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“…Of course, one has to distinguish between protons and neutrons when calculating spectra of emitted particles. This is accomplished by the effective treatment of the proton-neutron distinguishability and its inclusion in the one-component formulation as has been suggested by several authors [2][3][4][5][6]. Some particular considerations have been given to the two-component exciton model with the proton and neutron excitons distinguished [6][7][8][9][10][11], but no complete calculations were published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-component exciton model

Dobeš

Běták

1983

Z Physik A

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The exciton model of nuclear reactions with the distinguishability of protons and neutrons explicitly included is discussed. The Pauli master equation and transition rates in this two-component formulation are given. Both the simple considerations and actual calculations show that the two-component model exhibits new features and modifies conclusions of the one-component formulation. The ratio of the proton to neutron preequilibrium emissions in proton induced reactions decreases twice to three times when compared with the usual one-component model.

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Pre-equilibrium processes in (p,n) reactions

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Routine Production of 89Zr Using an Automated Module

Routine Production of 89Zr Using an Automated Module

Two-component equilibration in the exciton model of nuclear reactions

Two-component exciton model

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