Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>infected with bacteria

Rose, Saloni; Beckwith, Esteban J.; Burmester, Charlotte; May, Robin C.; Dionne, Marc; Rezával, Carolina

doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0492

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As indicated by the similar mating latency and the comparable number of mates, females did not discriminate strongly against infected males as potential mates, at least in the absence of alternatives. This implies that despite investing in a strong immune response, infected males still managed to provide a satisfying courtship display (Rose et al., 2022 ) and did not emit any aversive sensory (e.g., olfactory) cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on pathogen virulence on host reproduction have primarily focused on females (Chadwick & Little, 2005 ; Hudson et al., 2020 ; Rose et al., 2022 ). Several studies have looked into the effects of infection on various aspects of male's reproductive biology (e.g., courtship (Kennedy et al., 1987 ; Pélabon et al., 2005 ), sexual ornaments (Dougherty et al., 2023 ; Longo et al., 2020 ), and sperm quality (Pham et al., 2022 )).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an entomopathogenic fungus on the reproductive potential of Drosophila males

Liao,

Cavigliasso,

Savary

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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While mortality is often the primary focus of pathogen virulence, non‐lethal consequences, particularly for male reproductive fitness, are less understood; however, they are essential for understanding how sexual selection contributes to promoting resistance. We investigated how the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum affects mating ability, fertility, and seminal fluid protein (SFP) expression of male Drosophila melanogaster paired with highly receptive virgin females in non‐competitive settings. Depending on sex and dose, there was a 3–6‐day incubation period after infection, followed by an abrupt onset of mortality. Meanwhile, the immune response was strongly induced already 38 h after infection and continued to increase as infection progressed. Latency to mate somewhat increased during the incubation period compared to sham‐treated males, but even on Day 5 post infection >90% of infected males mated within 2 h. During the incubation period, M. brunneum infection reduced male reproductive potential (the number of offspring sired without mate limitation) by 11%, with no clear increase over time. Approaching the end of the incubation period, infected males had lower ability to convert number of mating opportunities into number of offspring. After repeated mating, infected males had lower SFP expression than sham controls, more so in males that mated with few mates 24 h earlier. Overall, despite strong activation of the immune response, males' mating ability and fertility remained surprisingly little affected by the fungal infection, even shortly before the onset of mortality. This suggests that the selection for resistance acts mainly through mortality, and the scope for fertility selection to enhance resistance in non‐competing settings is rather limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an entomopathogenic fungus on the reproductive potential of Drosophila males

Liao,

Cavigliasso,

Savary

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The mating rate was defined as the percentage of fly couples engaged in successful mating during the 1-h observation. Mating latency was measured as the time taken from introducing flies into the chamber till the initiation of copulation ( Toda et al, 2012 ; Rose et al, 2022 ). All the mating trials were performed at 8:00 p.m., which falls in the mating peak of B. dorsalis ( Norio et al, 1984 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The modulatory effects of biogenic amines on male mating performance in Bactrocera dorsalis

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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In insects, the emergence of mating behavior requires the interplay among sex-determination hierarchy mechanisms that regulate sex-specific differentiation, perception and integration of different sensory cues, and precisely patterned behavioral outputs. Biogenic amines, including octopamine (OA), dopamine (DA), tyramine (TA), serotonin and histamine, have been identified and proposed as putative neurotransmitters, neurohormones and/or neuromodulators in the central nervous system of insects to influence multiple physiologies and behaviors. The current study provides the physiological roles and pharmacology of these biogenic amines in the mating performance of Bactrocera dorsalis. Silencing gene expressions coding for biosynthetic enzymes of DA and serotonin in male flies could decrease mating rates, while OA, TA and histamine had no such effects on mating. Furthermore, injection of DA or the DA receptor antagonist chlorpromazine could affect mating rate, as well as injection of serotonin. Pharmacological treatments with other biogenic amines or their receptor antagonists in male flies have no roles in regulating mating performance. We conclude that DA and its receptors are involved in regulating male mating behaviors in B. dorsalis, while changes in serotonin levels in male flies could also affect mating rates. In the current study, the modulatory effects of these biogenic amines on mating performance were investigated, and these results will be helpful in providing a new strategy for controlling B. dorsalis.

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“…In this regard, Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism to study the interaction between reproduction and immunity due to its already well-studied courtship ritual and its well-characterized immune system [7]. Immunity in D. melanogaster relies solely on innate immune responses, nevertheless, there are a lot of aspects of this innate immunity that are conserved between flies and mammals, such as the organization of the immune response into humoral and cellular arms, and the presence of NF-κB family transcription factors and signal transduction pathways [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same lines, males exposed to a higher number of females also showed increased susceptibility to bacterial infections [50]. Conversely, it has been also demonstrated that, despite the significant metabolic cost of infection, flies don’t change and even increase the ability to survive to infection and clear it [7,51]. Likewise, mated males have shown better survival curves against Pseudomonas entomophila infection as well as a better bacterial clearance ability against Providencia rettgeri than virgin ones, showing absence of reproduction-immunity trade-off [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reproductive status of the host determines the tolerance and resistance toMycobacterium marinuminfection inDrosophila melanogaster

Arch¹,

Vidal²,

Fuentes³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Both the sex and the reproductive status of the host have a major impact on the regulation of the immune response against infection. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a powerful model for study such interaction due to its well-characterized hormonal, metabolic and immune traits. In order to further characterize this in mycobacterial infections, we tested the systemic Mycobacterium marinum infection of D. melanogaster. We wanted to understand whether the sex or the reproductive status has an impact on the tolerance or resistance of the host to the infection. We measured gene expression by RT-qPCR of immune genes (diptericin and drosomycin) as well as host survival and bacillary load at time of death. We assessed the impact of metabolic (by expression of upd3 and impl2) and hormonal (by ecR expression) regulation in the protection against infection. Data showed that the effect of reproductive status (virgin and mated kept alone or together) in tolerance and resistance to infection is sex dependent. We found differences in protection according to the levels of expression in immune, metabolic and hormone-related genes which also showed differences between sex and reproductive status, highlighting the expression of impl2 in males and upd3 in females to face the infection. The results obtained allows further interpretation of the results when assessing the differences between sexes in D. melanogaster for other infections, since data demonstrated the importance of the reproductive status in resistance and tolerance against M. marinum infection.

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Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved inDrosophila melanogasterinfected with bacteria

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Effects of an entomopathogenic fungus on the reproductive potential of Drosophila males

Effects of an entomopathogenic fungus on the reproductive potential of Drosophila males

The modulatory effects of biogenic amines on male mating performance in Bactrocera dorsalis

The reproductive status of the host determines the tolerance and resistance toMycobacterium marinuminfection inDrosophila melanogaster

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