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AgradecimentosAo orientador desta Tese, Prof. Umberto G. Cordani meus profundos agradecimentos por acreditar neste projeto, me orientar e me ensinar a como se portar cientificamente, pela liberdade, e por abrir TODAS as portas necessárias para a realização desta pesquisa. Ao Prof. Miguel A. S. Basei pelo companheirismo e orientação indispensável na zirconologia. Ao Prof. Roberto F. Weinberg pela orientação nos migmatitos e granitóides, por estar sempre aberto e solicito a uma boa discussão geológica e por ser um incentivador de novas ideias científicas. Aos Profs. Daniela Rubatto e Joerg Hermman por me ensinarem que a geocronologia não é somente a busca de uma idade. Ao Prof. Renaud Caby por compartilhar comigo todo seu conhecimento geológico do NE do Brasil e suas correlações africanas. Ao Prof. Yao Agboussomondé pela aventura na coleta ! iv! AbstractThe Neoproterozoic West Gondwana Orogen (WGO), suggested in this Thesis, is a linear belt that extended for more than 5000 km from nowadays northwest Africa to Central Brazil. Traditional views suggest that this orogen resulted from the consumption and closure of the Goiás-Pharusian Ocean that culminated in a continent-continent collision involving mainly the conjoined Amazon and West African cratons against the SãoFrancisco-Congo and Saharan cratons. In this Thesis it has been investigated the crustal evolution of an important sector of the WGO in NE-Brazil at the northwestern portion of the Borborema Province as well as in some areas of Africa in Togo and Mali using a coherent approach. U-Pb Zircon geochronology of siliciclastic and igneous rocks indicates a long-lived convergent tectonics (up to 400 m.y) related to the comsumption of the Goiás-Pharusian Ocean. In the studied, particularly in NE-Brazil in the Ceára Central Domain, convergentrelated magmatism can be divided into three main periods: i) an early period comprising essentially juvenile arc magmatism at ca. 880-800 Ma and continuing to 650 Ma as evidenced indirectly by detrital zircons from synorogenic deposits, ii) a more mature arc period at ca. 660-630 Ma characterized by hybrid mantle-crustal magmatic rocks, and iii) crustal anatexis at 625-618 Ma continuing until ca. 600 Ma. Protracted tectonic evolution in the WGO and synchronicity of UHP metamorphism in NE-Brazil, Togo and Mali indicate that continental subduction, and hence continental collision, occurred simultaneously over at least 2500 km during the Ediacaran period (620-610 Ma). Here, it has been proposed that Borborema Province development from 620 to 570 Ma resulted from two discrete collisional events. Collision I, along the WGO, took place at ca. 620-610 Ma as the result of collision between the Parnaíba Block, as the forefront of the much larger AmazonianWest Africa Craton, and the old basement of the Borborema Province. The suture zone related to this collision was reactivated by a dextral transform zone (the Transbrasiliano Lineament), allowing the Borborema Province to approach and collide against the São Francisco Craton in the s...
AgradecimentosAo orientador desta Tese, Prof. Umberto G. Cordani meus profundos agradecimentos por acreditar neste projeto, me orientar e me ensinar a como se portar cientificamente, pela liberdade, e por abrir TODAS as portas necessárias para a realização desta pesquisa. Ao Prof. Miguel A. S. Basei pelo companheirismo e orientação indispensável na zirconologia. Ao Prof. Roberto F. Weinberg pela orientação nos migmatitos e granitóides, por estar sempre aberto e solicito a uma boa discussão geológica e por ser um incentivador de novas ideias científicas. Aos Profs. Daniela Rubatto e Joerg Hermman por me ensinarem que a geocronologia não é somente a busca de uma idade. Ao Prof. Renaud Caby por compartilhar comigo todo seu conhecimento geológico do NE do Brasil e suas correlações africanas. Ao Prof. Yao Agboussomondé pela aventura na coleta ! iv! AbstractThe Neoproterozoic West Gondwana Orogen (WGO), suggested in this Thesis, is a linear belt that extended for more than 5000 km from nowadays northwest Africa to Central Brazil. Traditional views suggest that this orogen resulted from the consumption and closure of the Goiás-Pharusian Ocean that culminated in a continent-continent collision involving mainly the conjoined Amazon and West African cratons against the SãoFrancisco-Congo and Saharan cratons. In this Thesis it has been investigated the crustal evolution of an important sector of the WGO in NE-Brazil at the northwestern portion of the Borborema Province as well as in some areas of Africa in Togo and Mali using a coherent approach. U-Pb Zircon geochronology of siliciclastic and igneous rocks indicates a long-lived convergent tectonics (up to 400 m.y) related to the comsumption of the Goiás-Pharusian Ocean. In the studied, particularly in NE-Brazil in the Ceára Central Domain, convergentrelated magmatism can be divided into three main periods: i) an early period comprising essentially juvenile arc magmatism at ca. 880-800 Ma and continuing to 650 Ma as evidenced indirectly by detrital zircons from synorogenic deposits, ii) a more mature arc period at ca. 660-630 Ma characterized by hybrid mantle-crustal magmatic rocks, and iii) crustal anatexis at 625-618 Ma continuing until ca. 600 Ma. Protracted tectonic evolution in the WGO and synchronicity of UHP metamorphism in NE-Brazil, Togo and Mali indicate that continental subduction, and hence continental collision, occurred simultaneously over at least 2500 km during the Ediacaran period (620-610 Ma). Here, it has been proposed that Borborema Province development from 620 to 570 Ma resulted from two discrete collisional events. Collision I, along the WGO, took place at ca. 620-610 Ma as the result of collision between the Parnaíba Block, as the forefront of the much larger AmazonianWest Africa Craton, and the old basement of the Borborema Province. The suture zone related to this collision was reactivated by a dextral transform zone (the Transbrasiliano Lineament), allowing the Borborema Province to approach and collide against the São Francisco Craton in the s...
The scope of this work is to show the observations of satellite GOCE in mapping geological units in a key area for mineral exploration, which is also a key location for understanding the formation of the America and Africa continents from the former western Gondwana. The observations of the satellite GOCE have allowed to achieve a qualitative leap ahead in today's global gravity. The new global field has an improved resolution of 80 km with precision of 5 mGal; this resolution is sufficient to study crustal thickness variations and the upper crustal structure. Geological macrostructures generating density variations are mapped for the first time by a global satellite derived field in continental areas, which opens a new series of applications in geophysical exploration. The study area is located in and around the Congo craton, which is a part of Africa poorly covered in ground gravity surveys, so that GOCE data are essential there. The GOCE gravity field is reduced by the effect of topography, of the isostatic crustal thickness and by sediments, obtaining the field representative of the geologic lineaments. The foldbelts surrounding the Congo craton are identified well through the field, generating signals near to 50 mGal. Compared to the existing geologic map, along the Kibalien belt, a narrow belt with increased density is distinguished, about 125 km wide, and 800 km long, that must be representative of a major compressive or magmatic geologic event that generated these rocks. The distinction of separate geologic units characterized by density variation is useful for identifying the areas where focused future geophysical and geologic mapping will be effective in the exploration of new mineral resources.
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