Pre‐ and Postoperative Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation

Towle, Heather A; Griffon, Dominique J.; Thomas, Michael W.; Siegel, Arthur M.; Dunning, Dianne; Johnson, Ann L.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00040.x

Cited by 96 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The normal QA value of Group A (18.3°) in the present study was slightly greater than the QA value measured on 6 small-medium dogs (BW = 3.4–20 kg) with grade II and III MPL (QA = 16.4°±4.9°) described by Towle et al [16]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The present study was conducted on healthy dogs in order to avoid the presence of QA alterations; animals with skeletal hindlimb abnormalities could have developed PL, a condition which could induce an increase in the QA value if compared to the physiological angle [2,7–10,16,19]. All the dogs included had to have had a hindlimb radiographic image previously analysed in order to have been included this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first line was drawn from the origin of the rectus femoris in the area musculi recti femoris of the ileum on the ventral aspect of the ilium, corresponding to the cranial margin of the acetabulum, and passing through the middle of the femoral trochlea, and a second line was drawn from the middle of the femoral trochlea to the tibial tuberosity (Fig 1) [8,13–16]. The middle of the trochlea corresponded to the centre of the patella when it was in its anatomic position, such as in a normal limb and when the radiograph was performed correctly [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic measurement of the quadriceps angle in dogs

Pinna

Romagnoli

2017

PLoS ONE

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The direction of the force of the quadriceps muscle group is expressed by the value of the quadriceps angle, between the long axis of the muscle rectus femoris and the patellar ligament. This value is often modified in dogs with patellar luxation, a common orthopaedic disease of the stifle joint in both small and large dogs. The aims of the present study were to give a reference value for the quadriceps angle in healthy small and medium-large breed dogs. The medical records of healthy dogs and their pelvic limb radiographs (2014–2016) were reviewed. The radiographs were then divided into two groups: Group A (small dogs <15 kg body weight) and Group B (medium-large dogs >15 kg). The quadriceps angle of each pelvic limb was assessed using a digital software program in order to compare values between the two groups. The radiographs of 160 dogs, 80 per group were studied along with the assessment of the 320 pelvic limbs. The median quadriceps angle values obtained were in contrast with the literature: in Group A, it was 18.3° and, in Group B, it was 8.7°; moreover, the quadriceps angle value for Group A was statistically higher than for Group B (p<0.0001). No significant difference was present between males and females, or between right and left hindlimbs. In Group B, the Labrador Retriever breed influenced the quadriceps angle (p = 0.0005). The outcome of this survey provides an objective parameter, or additional information, to explain the different quadriceps mechanisms of small and medium-large dogs. In future studies the QA range values assessed in the two size groups may be useful in defining the magnitude of the malalignment of the extensor mechanism in both healthy dogs and ones with patellar luxation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic measurement of the quadriceps angle in dogs

Pinna

Romagnoli

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…In PA, the alteration of the contact areas between the patella and the femoral trochlea leads to incongruence in the patellofemoral joint, increased patellofemoral stress during motion, chondromalacia of the articular cartilage and development of degenerative changes of the joint [2, 6–9]. It has been shown that a PA plays a role in development of medial dislocation of the patella, while a low-riding patella plays a role in lateral patellar dislocation, particularly in large dog breeds [2–5, 10–14]. Undiagnosed PA before surgical procedures for patella dislocation is also a major reason underlying the failure of surgery, which can reach 30–48% [5, 12, 13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of reference values and frequency of occurrence of patella alta in German shepherd dogs: a retrospective study

Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak

Silmanowicz

Komsta

et al. 2017

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundPatella alta and patella baja are important conditions underlying a predisposition to many joint diseases, including patellar luxation and patellar chondromalacia of the articular cartilage. The frequencies of patella alta and patella baja have not yet been determined. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of patella alta and to determine reference values to the position of the vertical patella according to two modified techniques of the Insall–Salvati method in a group of 65 German shepherd dogs (115 stifle joints).ResultsThe upper limits of reference values for the normal vertical position of the patella were 1.79 and 2.13, depending on the method of measurement. A high prevalence of patella alta was observed in the group of German shepherd dogs. A correlation was demonstrated between the classification of dogs’ joints in the patella alta group and the multiplied risk of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) through the estimation of odds ratios.ConclusionsDogs with patella alta were healthy dogs that did not exhibit orthopaedic problems in the stifle joints. The results revealed that the risk of CHD is twice as high in dogs with higher patellar ligament length to patella length ratio.

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“…The most common orthopaedic disorders affecting the canine stifle joint and subsequently resulting in hind leg lameness are the cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and medial, or lateral patellar luxation (Roush 1993;Johnson et al 1994;Piermatei and Flo 1997;Necas and Zatloukal 2002;Towle et al 2005). Although generally occurring as a separate problem, CCLR can occur in conjunction with medial or lateral patellar luxation (Hulse 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the modified Insall Salvati method for determination of vertical patellar position in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture considering the morphology of the cranio-proximal tibia

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to evaluate if the modified Insall Salvati (IS) method can be applied for the canine patient despite differences of proximal tibial morphology, and if such potential differences are also seen in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Insall Salvati method is a simple and convenient method for determination of the vertical position of patella, by dividing the length of patella by length of the patellar ligament. The influence of the variable proximal tibial morphology on the modified (IS) index was measured and the value of modified IS index in healthy dogs (n = 25) was compared with dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (n = 26). Medio-lateral radiographs of 102 stifles were evaluated. Patellar ligament length (PLL), patellar length (PL), modified IS ratio and the height of insertion point of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity were measured. Data of the IS ratio were compared with the value of the height of the insertion point with no significant difference (P = 0.36). There was no significant difference (P = 0.07) in the PLL:PL ratio between dogs affected or unaffected with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Based on the results of this study we can conclude that the morphology of the cranioproximal tibia and the height of insertion point of the patellar ligament do not have an influence on the value of the modified IS index both in healthy dogs and in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.Tibial tuberosity, patella alta/baja, canine stifle joint, cruciate disease

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Pre‐ and Postoperative Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation

Abstract: These pilot data quantified the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat MPL. We hope to use these measurements to correlate surgical treatment with functional outcome and postoperative occurrence of luxation.

Cited by 96 publications

References 16 publications

Radiographic measurement of the quadriceps angle in dogs

Radiographic measurement of the quadriceps angle in dogs

Determination of reference values and frequency of occurrence of patella alta in German shepherd dogs: a retrospective study

Use of the modified Insall Salvati method for determination of vertical patellar position in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture considering the morphology of the cranio-proximal tibia

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