Pre‐ and postnatal administration ofLactobacillus reuteridecreases TLR2 responses in infants

Abstract

BackgroundMice models indicate that intact Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling may be essential for the allergy protective effects of diverse bacterial exposure observed in clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri from pregnancy week 36 and to the infant through the first year of life decreased the prevalence of IgE-associated eczema at two years (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01285830). The effect of this supplementation on innate immune responses to bacterial products and the expression of associated TLRs were explored.MethodsBlood mononuclear cells were collected at birth, 6, 12 and 24 months from 61 infants and cultured with TLR2, 4 and 9 ligands. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was determined as well as TLR2, 4 and 9 mRNA expression.ResultsProbiotic supplementation was associated with decreased LTA (lipoteichoic acid) induced CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1β and IL-6 responses at 12 months and decreased CCL4 and IL-1β secretion at 24 months. TLR2 mRNA expression was not affected by probiotic treatment.ConclusionsDecreased responses to TLR2, the main receptor for LTA from Gram positive bacteria, in probiotic treated children seem to be dependent on factors downstream of TLR mRNA expression.

Lactobacillus reuteri, Infant Allergy Prevention and Childhood Immune Maturation

“…These differences were not dependent on the differences in TLR2 mRNA expression in the probiotic and placebo groups. Probiotic supplementation may thus be associated with an increased immune regulatory capacity during infancy, in line with our previous findings showing lower allergen responsiveness in the probiotic-treated children [81].…”

“…Can pre-and postnatal supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri affect the innate cytokine and chemokine responses to bacterial products and the expression of associated receptors, i.e., TLR2, 4 and 9 In this study, TLR2 stimulation leads to lower IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CCL4, and CXCL8 responses in the probiotic treated infants [81]. These differences were not dependent on the differences in TLR2 mRNA expression in the probiotic and placebo groups.…”

Decreased allergy incidence in children supplemented with E. coli O83:K24:H31 and its possible modes of action

“…Although it seems that gut microbiota modification will be an easy task, it is not clear what kind of probiotic bacteria should be used and what will be the best timing of probiotic supplementation. Different researcher groups tried to lower allergy incidence in children by administration of various probiotic strains or mixtures either prenatally to pregnant women or postnatally to neonates . Timing, dose of probiotics and selection of suitable strain are the most important things to be considered.…”

Pre‐ and probiotics for allergy prevention: time to revisit recommendations?

“…Furthermore, probiotic supplementation was associated with reduced CCL22 levels after birch stimulation at 24 months . Also, in the same cohort, probiotic supplementation was associated with reduced lipoteichoic acid (LTA)‐induced C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCL4), C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CXCL8), IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels . Reduced anti‐CD2/CD28‐induced IL‐5 and IL‐13 levels in whole blood cultures was noted at 3 months of age after pre‐ and postnatal supplementation with a mixture of B. bifidum , B. lactis and L. lactis as compared with placebo .…”