Pre- and post-trial stimulation: Effects on retention

Calhoun, William H.; Murphy, Robert J.

doi:10.3758/bf03331035

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is consistent with detention effects resulting from extinction (to those conditioned stimulus elements present during detention) and retroactive interference (provided interference is assumed greatest when the irrelevant information concerns aspects of the contextual cues of the training situation). Calhoun and Murphy (1966) presented data supporting this assumption for a passive avoidance task similar to that used by . Similarly, the memory deficit produced by detention increases with diminishing intervals between training and detention (e.g., .…”

Section: Detentionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Amnesia, consolidation, and retrieval.

Miller¹,

Springer²

1973

Psychological Review

228

104

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A memory model is proposed in which information enters an initial structuralchemical format within fractions of a second. Experimental amnesia is viewed as a failure to retrieve information from long-term memory rather than a failure of the information to be consolidated in long-term memory. Consolidation and retrieval failure explanations of experimental amnesia are found to differ primarily on the issue of recovery of memory. The nature of experimental amnesia paradigms is such that the consolidation position can never be supported; it may only be refuted by an occurrence of recovery of memory or left as an unresolved issue by a lack of recovery. The use of noncontingent stimuli to induce recovery from amnesia has been successful in several instances, thereby supporting the retrieval failure hypothesis. Success in producing amnesia for reactivated "old" memories further corroborates the retrieval position. Arguments that effectively delivered, high-intensity or high-dosage amnestic agents will disrupt consolidation beg the question and are presently without any empirical support. Two-process theories proposing both retrieval and consolidation failures are presently neither necessary nor parsimonious.

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