Pre‐ and Post‐Transfusion Alloimmunization in Dogs Characterized by 2 Antiglobulin‐Enhanced Cross‐match Tests

Abstract

BackgroundWhen dogs are transfused, blood compatibility testing varies widely but may include dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 typing and rarely cross‐matching.ObjectivesProspective study to examine naturally occurring alloantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs) and alloimmunization by transfusion using 2 antiglobulin‐enhanced cross‐match tests.AnimalsEighty client‐owned anemic, 72 donor, and 7 control dogs.MethodsAll dogs were typed for DEA 1 and some also for DEA 4 and DEA 7. Major cross‐match tests with canine antiglobulin‐enhanced immunochromatographic strip and gel columns were performed 26–129 days post‐transfusion (median, 39 days); some dogs had an additional early evaluation 11–22 days post‐transfusion (median, 16 days). Plasma from alloimmunized recipients was cross‐matched against RBCs from 34 donor and control dogs.ResultsThe 2 cross‐match methods gave entirely concordant results. All 126 pretransfusion cross‐match results for the 80 anemic recipients were compatible, but 54 dogs died or were lost to follow up. Among the 26 recipients with follow‐up, 1 dog accidently received DEA 1‐mismatched blood and became cross‐match‐incompatible post‐transfusion. Eleven of the 25 DEA 1‐matched recipients (44%) became incompatible against other RBC antigens. No naturally occurring anti‐DEA 7 alloantibodies were detected in DEA 7− dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe antiglobulin‐enhanced immunochromatographic strip cross‐match and laboratory gel column techniques identified no naturally occurring alloantibodies against RBC antigens, but a high degree of post‐transfusion alloimmunization in dogs. Cross‐matching is warranted in any dog that has been previously transfused independent of initial DEA 1 typing and cross‐matching results before the first transfusion event.

Survey of Blood Groups DEA 1, DEA 4, DEA 5, Dal, and Kai 1/Kai 2 in Different Canine Breeds From a Diagnostic Laboratory in Germany

“…Overall, 40.8 % of all dogs in our survey were DEA 1-, which is very similar to recent surveys from USA, France, India, and Italy that also utilized the same immunochromatographic method and monoclonal anti-DEA 1 alloantibody (25,27,31,37,40).…”

“…Only leftover samples with of least 1 ml EDTA blood that was less than 1 week old and had been stored at 4-8 • C prior to analysis were included. Samples from several dog breeds, classified based on the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI 1 ), were selected based upon prior studies (11,12,27,29,36,37) and our own early results of their varied blood group antigen expression. Samples from known related dogs or repeat samples from the same dog were excluded.…”

Phenylephrine use for blood sparing during splenectomy in a dog

“…Thus any technique reducing the necessity for blood transfusion is positive. Cross-matching reduces the risk of an acute transfusion reaction, with one study reporting no acute reactions in 80 dogs receiving cross-matched blood transfusions 9. Blood transfusion reactions can range from mild to severe, including intravascular haemolysis, pulmonary oedema, pyrexia and circulatory overload 10…”

Imunohematologia Veterinária: Antígenos Eritrocitários Caninos

“…A determinação da tipagem sanguínea previamente as transfusões de sangue em cães, minimiza o risco de uma reação de transfusão devido à incompatibilidade entre os diferentes tipos de sangue existentes (GOY-THOLLOT et al, 2017). Portanto, informações sobre a prevalência destes antígenos eritrocitários em várias raças, ajudam na seleção de doadores de sangue para a tomada de decisão e a criação de um programa de doadores de sangue caninos.…”