Pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion and their allocation to the eyeball of rats

Tusscher, M.P.M. ten; Klooster, Jan; Baljet, B.; Werf, F. van der; Vrensen, Gijs F.J.M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91043-g

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, as we did not perform degeneration studies in the monkeys, the nature of the many perikarya outside the ovoid pterygopalatine ganglion was not established, but in contrast to the findings of Ruskell [20] we also found perikarya of neurons in the perivascular nerve plexuses of the internal carotid artery, the perivascular nerve plexuses of the ophthalmic artery and the nerve plexuses of the cavernous sinus. This is in agreement with our own findings in the rat [26] and Mitchell's findings [15] in man. The presence of a retro-ocular nerve plexus has been established in many specimens of rabbits [19], rats [4,13], cats [14], monkeys [6,20] and the human fetus [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Autonomic pathways in the orbit of the human fetus and the rhesus monkey

1989

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In order to study the three-dimensional topography of the intra-orbital autonomic nerve plexuses and the input for these systems, human fetuses and adult rhesus monkeys were investigated. Specimens of the orbits were processed according to the histochemical acetylcholinesterase methods for staining of peripheral nerves. The nerve fibers enter the orbit along the following pathways: 1. bundles of nerve fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion (mainly parasympathetic) by penetrating the orbital muscle (Müller); 2. perivascularly along the ophthalmic artery (sympathetic). In the orbit the nerve fibers intermingle. The pathways of the nerve fibers from this interwoven nerve plexus towards the target organs are: 1. perivascularly along branches of the ophthalmic artery; 2. perineurally along and in the branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves; 3. independently of blood vessels and cranial nerve branches in Tenon's capsule. Moreover, bundles of nerve fibers from the ciliary ganglion contribute to the innervation of extraocular structures, e.g. the eyelids. It can be concluded that, as far as the autonomic innervation of the orbit is concerned, the monkey is a good animal model for neuroanatomical studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Autonomic pathways in the orbit of the human fetus and the rhesus monkey

1989

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“…This description is consistent with that of Ten Tusscher et al (1990), although they termed the CS the inferior petrosal sinus, which cannot be the case because it is located lateral to the presphenoid and basisphenoid bones. Furthermore, Ten Tusscher et al (1990) considered the cavernous plexus proper to be part of the Vidian nerve. However, they did recognize that the pterygopalatine ganglion extended caudally to the level of the trigeminal ganglion.…”

Section: Ganglia Related To the Cavernous Sinussupporting

confidence: 78%

Neural connections in and around the cavernous sinus in rat, with special reference to cerebrovascular innervation

Bleys¹,

Groen²,

Hommersom³

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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There is a confluence in and around the cavernous sinus of neural pathways innervating the intracranial structures. To determine the patterns of innervation, particularly of the cerebral arteries, we stained whole-mount preparations of the cavernous sinus and adjacent regions of the rat for acetylcholinesterase. The cavernous nerve plexus, with several small ganglia, mainly occupied the lateral wall of the sinus and extended laterally above the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve, in relation to the oculomotor and trochlear nerves. The cavernous plexus was connected to the pterygopalatine ganglion, the trigeminal ganglion, and the abducens nerve. The elongated pterygopalatine ganglion consisted of an orbital part, from which parasympathetic fibers ran to the cerebral arteries, and a cavernous part. Nerves from the lateral extension of the cavernous plexus ran rostrally into the orbit along the oculomotor, trochlear, and ophthalmic nerves, and caudally to the pineal gland along the trochlear nerve. Several branches also ran over the dura mater. Caudal to the cavernous sinus, we found two large nerves and a number of small nerves that ran between the nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery and the abducens nerve. These nerves may represent additional parasympathetic and/or sensory pathways to the cerebral arteries.

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“…This concept of asymmetric cerebral function has been suggested previously in studies on the autonomic control of the heart, where the left hemisphere was found to predominantly affect parasympathetic function while the right hemisphere affects sympathetic function (60)(61)(62)(63). Collectively, these data suggest that ANS plays an important role in migraine pathogenesis, where the SPG in particular may mediate parasympathetic hyperactivity considering the efferent fibers, neurotransmitter, and innervation organs of the ganglion (14)(15)(16)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Migraine and The Parasympathetic Nervous Systemsupporting

confidence: 67%

Sphenopalatine ganglion neuromodulation in migraine: What is the rationale?

2013

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Objective: The objective of this article is to review the prospect of treating migraine with sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) neurostimulation. Background: Fuelled by preliminary studies showing a beneficial effect in cluster headache patients, the potential of treating migraine with neurostimulation has gained increasing interest within recent years, as current treatment strategies often fail to provide adequate relief from this debilitating headache.Common migraine symptoms include lacrimation, nasal congestion, and conjunctival injection, all parasympathetic manifestations. In addition, studies have suggested that parasympathetic activity may also contribute to the pain of migraineurs.The SPG is the largest extracranial parasympathetic ganglion of the head, innervating the meninges, lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa, and conjunctiva, all structures involved in migraine with cephalic autonomic symptoms. Conclusion: We propose two possible mechanisms of action: 1) interrupting the post-ganglionic parasympathetic outflow to inhibit the pain and cephalic autonomic symptoms, and 2) modulating the sensory processing in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. To further explore SPG stimulation in migraineurs as regards therapeutic potential and mode of action, randomized clinical trials are warranted.

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Pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion and their allocation to the eyeball of rats

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Autonomic pathways in the orbit of the human fetus and the rhesus monkey

Autonomic pathways in the orbit of the human fetus and the rhesus monkey

Neural connections in and around the cavernous sinus in rat, with special reference to cerebrovascular innervation

Sphenopalatine ganglion neuromodulation in migraine: What is the rationale?

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