Pre- and post-clinical–radiological and surgical evaluation of patients with pituitary adenoma and metabolic syndrome

Risk factor analysis and prediction model to establish recurrence or progression of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in men after transnasal sphenoidal surgery

“…Chang [28] found that supratrochlear and/or cavernous sinus residuals commonly contributed to the progression of postoperative PA. In this study, the tumor MPAD was signi cantly greater in the recurrence or progression group than in the remission group, and GTR and STR were differentiated based on the postoperative imaging ndings and surgical records using the Hoffman classi cation system [17] to derive a signi cantly higher rate of postoperative recurrence in the tumor STR group (48.65%) than in the GTR group (7.87%). NFPA was usually manifested in an inactive state; the onset of headache was observed only in the presence of a large tumor, visual eld defects and other clinical symptoms were detected only when the tumor was large, and NFPA was prone to recurrence or progression at the residual site [22,23] .…”

“…General information, including the patient's age; Imaging data, including maximum tumor diameter (MPAD), modi ed Knosp grade (The Knosp grading system is used to assess the extent of lateral extension of the adenoma into the cavernous sinus on both sides, and the modi ed Knosp grading includes the differentiation between grades 3A and 3B in ltration of the upper or lower cavernous sinus compartment [16] ), Ki67 (Pathological reports showed Ki-67 indices divided into low-level [<3%] group and high-level [≥3%] group [17] ), resection rate (Tumor resection was assessed based on the MRI performance at 3 months postoperatively, distinguishing between gross total resection [GTR] and subtotal resection [STR] using the Hoffman classi cation system [18] ), presence of stroke, and cystic change; Biochemical indices, including preoperative, 1 week postoperative, and 3 months postoperative TSH and FT4.…”