Pre-analytical factors affecting the results of laboratory blood analyses in farm animal veterinary diagnostics

Humann-Ziehank, Esther; Ganter, Martin

doi:10.1017/s1751731111002679

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The use of pool samples is an ongoing discussion in farm animal diagnostics [14,15]. As expected from the methodical point of view, our results showed that pooling of five samples correlated well with the mean of the same samples analysed individually for Se concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Variation of serum selenium concentrations in German sheep flocks and implications for herd health management consultancy

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThis study was performed to demonstrate the widespread distribution and severity of selenium (Se) deficiency in sheep flocks and to evaluate the impact of influencing factors. In 150 flocks, ten serum samples of adult ewes were analysed for Se concentration. The farmers were interviewed concerning flock size, provision of mineral supplement, predominant form of husbandry (stationary fenced pasture/transhumance), predominant form of water provision (tap water/well/surface water) and predominant soil (sandy, silty/loamy, clay) in the area. The location of the flock was recorded as well as the production stage/season at the time of sampling. Intra-group variation and the validity to analyse pooled samples were tested.ResultsPools of five samples correlated well with the mean of individually analysed samples. The intra-group range of serum Se concentration varied enormously (mean 45.4 ± 18.8 μg Se/l). About 60% of the flocks showed mean serum Se concentrations below 80 μg/l, 37.4% were below 60 μg Se/l, representing a Se deficient stage. Using mineral supplement in general was no key factor for Se status. Stationary flocks on fenced pasture had constantly higher mean serum Se concentrations during breeding (outdoors, August-November), lambing (mainly indoors, December-March) and lactation (outdoors, April-July), whereas flocks practising transhumance had significantly lower Se status, except during lambing. There was no significant correlation between the soil type and the Se status, but flocks in Southern Germany tend to show a lower Se status compared to Central and Northern Germany. Increasing flock size was associated with lower mean serum Se concentrations. In stationary flocks only, the use of surface water was accompanied by significantly lower Se status.ConclusionSe deficiency is widespread in German sheep flocks. More than one third of the flocks showed Se deficiency, indicating the need to optimise the nutritional management. Factors raising suspicion of Se deficiency are large flocks, transhumance during lactation and the breeding season as well as surface water provision in stationary flocks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Variation of serum selenium concentrations in German sheep flocks and implications for herd health management consultancy

et al. 2013

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“…In veterinary clinical pathology, book chapters in standard textbooks refer to preanalytic variability, but often the provided information is not referenced to original articles. In addition, there are some review articles for domestic or laboratory animals, and recommendations with guidelines for quality control of preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases have been published by the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) . However, the provided information is often general, and details can only be found in original studies.…”

Section: Available Information On Preanalytic Variability In Veterinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology

Braun

Bourgès‐Abella

Geffré

et al. 2014

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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This article presents the general causes of preanalytic variability with a few examples showing specialists and practitioners that special and improved care should be given to this too often neglected phase. The preanalytic phase of clinical pathology includes all the steps from specimen collection to analysis. It is the phase where most laboratory errors occur in human, and probably also in veterinary clinical pathology. Numerous causes may affect the validity of the results, including technical factors, such as the choice of anticoagulant, the blood vessel sampled, and the duration and conditions of specimen handling. While the latter factors can be defined, influence of biologic and physiologic factors such as feeding and fasting, stress, and biologic and endocrine rhythms can often not be controlled. Nevertheless, as many factors as possible should at least be documented. The importance of the preanalytic phase is often not given the necessary attention, although the validity of the results and consequent clinical decision making and medical management of animal patients would likely be improved if the quality of specimens submitted to the laboratory was optimized.

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“…In addition, the study also aimed to establish the degree of individual variation within populations and if pre‐analytical treatments could cause false diagnosis of disease. Moreover, a standardized methodology of sampling and specimen care is proposed that is in line with established protocols for use in other livestock production sectors but not, so far, in aquaculture (Humann‐Ziehank & Ganter ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical pre‐analytical effects on the clinical biochemistry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Braceland¹,

Houston

Ashby

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Clinical biochemistry has long been utilized in human and veterinary medicine as a vital diagnostic tool, but despite occasional studies showing its usefulness in monitoring health status in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), it has not yet been widely utilized within the aquaculture industry. This is due, in part, to a lack of an agreed protocol for collection and processing of blood prior to analysis. Moreover, while the analytical phase of clinical biochemistry is well controlled, there is a growing understanding that technical pre‐analytical variables can influence analyte concentrations or activities. In addition, post‐analytical interpretation of treatment effects is variable in the literature, thus making the true effect of sample treatment hard to evaluate. Therefore, a number of pre‐analytical treatments have been investigated to examine their effect on analyte concentrations and activities. In addition, reference ranges for salmon plasma biochemical analytes have been established to inform veterinary practitioners and the aquaculture industry of the importance of clinical biochemistry in health and disease monitoring. Furthermore, a standardized protocol for blood collection has been proposed.

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Pre-analytical factors affecting the results of laboratory blood analyses in farm animal veterinary diagnostics

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Variation of serum selenium concentrations in German sheep flocks and implications for herd health management consultancy

Variation of serum selenium concentrations in German sheep flocks and implications for herd health management consultancy

The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology

Technical pre‐analytical effects on the clinical biochemistry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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