Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Webster, Bonnie L.; Diaw, O. T.; Seye, Mohmoudane M.; Faye, Daouda; Stothard, J. Russell; Sousa-Figueiredo, José Carlos; Rollinson, David

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.010

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These effects, combined with the poverty of its victims, make schistosomiasis one of the world's most important, but most neglected, human diseases (19). Three decades after the Diama Dam's completion, schistosomiasis is still the chief health concern among the region's rural poor (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host

Sokolow

Huttinger²,

Jouanard³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

167

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Eliminating human parasitic disease often requires interrupting complex transmission pathways. Even when drugs to treat people are available, disease control can be difficult if the parasite can persist in nonhuman hosts. Here, we show that restoration of a natural predator of a parasite’s intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasis control. Our study site was the Senegal River Basin, where villagers suffered a massive outbreak and persistent epidemic after the 1986 completion of the Diama Dam. The dam blocked the annual migration of native river prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhoveni) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. We tested schistosomiasis control by reintroduced river prawns in a before-after-control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages after prawns were stocked at one village’s river access point. The abundance of infected snails was 80% lower at that village, presumably because prawn predation reduced the abundance and average life span of latently infected snails. As expected from a reduction in infected snails, human schistosomiasis prevalence was 18 ± 5% lower and egg burden was 50 ± 8% lower at the prawn-stocking village compared with the control village. In a mathematical model of the system, stocking prawns, coupled with infrequent mass drug treatment, eliminates schistosomiasis from high-transmission sites. We conclude that restoring river prawns could be a novel contribution to controlling, or eliminating, schistosomiasis.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host

Sokolow

Huttinger²,

Jouanard³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Throughout the 2010-2012 period there were several workshops, as coordinated by WHO-Geneva, that solicited expert opinions from those involved in worm control, inclusive of representatives from the veterinary sector (where anthelmintic resistance to nematodes is well-known) [55], to develop pragmatic in-field guidelines for programme managers. Novel treatment regimes using double PZQ treatment separated by 2-weeks to improve cure [71,87] were discussed, as was recourse to slightly higher dosing at 60 mg/kg, although recent findings from Cochrane Reviews appear to be equivocal in terms of increased performance [85]. While these research findings are important, it should not be forgotten that large-scale interventions have different programmatic bottlenecks.…”

Section: Limitations Of Pzqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive fieldwork was undertaken, often alongside control teams, and was based in Senegal, Niger, Cameroon, Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. EU-CONTRAST was judged to be very successful with new insights provided into genetic diversity of schistosomes (inclusive of the detection of novel hybrid worms that have a zoonotic cycle) [66,67], innovative mapping and 'ground-truthing' studies of disease distributions [68,69], assessment of the performance of PZQ in coinfection settings (i.e., children with both intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis) [70,71], socio-economic assessments of treatment compliance and participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation method [72] as well as the development of novel DNA assays to detect schistosomes in the aquatic snail stage (essential for transmission detection), with potential in human diagnostics [73].…”

Section: Eu-contrast and Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy, policies and practicalities of preventive chemotherapy campaigns for African children with schistosomiasis

Stothard¹,

Sousa-Figueiredo²,

Navaratnam³

2013

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…While praziquantel effectively kills adult worms inside the definitive host's body, rapid reinfection can occur upon re-exposure to cercariae from infected snails in the environment. [16]–[18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii in the Senegal River Basin: Towards Sustainable Restocking of All-Male Populations for Biological Control of Schistosomiasis

et al. 2014

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Early malacological literature suggests that the outbreak of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by aquatic snails, in the Senegal River basin occurred due to ecological changes resulting from the construction of the Diama dam. The common treatment, the drug praziquantel, does not protect from the high risk of re-infection due to human contact with infested water on a daily basis. The construction of the dam interfered with the life cycle of the prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii by blocking its access to breeding grounds in the estuary. These prawns were demonstrated to be potential biological control agents, being effective predators of Schistosoma-susceptible snails. Here, we propose a responsible restocking strategy using all-male prawn populations which could provide sustainable disease control. Male prawns reach a larger size and have a lower tendency to migrate than females. We, therefore, expect that periodic restocking of all-male juveniles will decrease the prevalence of schistosomiasis and increase villagers' welfare. In this interdisciplinary study, we examined current prawn abundance along the river basin, complemented with a retrospective questionnaire completed by local fishermen. We revealed the current absence of prawns upriver and thus demonstrated the need for restocking. Since male prawns are suggested to be preferable for bio-control, we laid the molecular foundation for production of all-male M. vollenhovenii through a complete sequencing of the insulin-like androgenic gland-encoding gene (IAG), which is responsible for sexual differentiation in crustaceans. We also conducted bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry analyses to demonstrate the similarity of this sequence to the IAG of another Macrobrachium species in which neo-females are produced and their progeny are 100% males. At least 100 million people at risk of schistosomiasis are residents of areas that experienced water management manipulations. Our suggested non-breeding sustainable model of control—if proven successful—could prevent re-infections and thus prove useful throughout the world.

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Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Cited by 73 publications

References 52 publications

Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host

Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host

Advocacy, policies and practicalities of preventive chemotherapy campaigns for African children with schistosomiasis

The Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii in the Senegal River Basin: Towards Sustainable Restocking of All-Male Populations for Biological Control of Schistosomiasis

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