Abstract:The automation of online social life is an urgent issue for researchers and the public alike. However, one of the most significant uses of such technologies seems to have gone largely unnoticed by the research community: religion. Focusing on Islamic Prayer Apps, which automatically post prayers from its users' accounts, we show that even one such service is already responsible for millions of tweets daily, constituting a significant portion of Arabic-language Twitter traffic. We argue that the fact that a phe… Show more
“…In social media marketing, chatbots are used to provide highly available customer channels [34]. There are also bots used to spread religious messages [37] and a botnet of over 350k bots randomly quoting the Star Wars novel without any other apparent behaviour [38].…”
Private and military troll factories (facilities used to spread rumours in online social media) are currently proliferating around the world. By their very nature, they are obscure companies whose internal workings are largely unknown, apart from leaks to the press. They are even more concealed when it comes to their underlying technology. At least in a broad sense, it is believed that there are two main tasks performed by a troll factory: sowing and spreading. The first is to create and, more importantly, maintain a social network that can be used for the spreading task. It is then a wicked long-term activity, subject to all sorts of problems. As an attempt to make this perspective a little clearer, this paper uses exploratory design science research to produce artefacts that could be applied to online rumour spreading in social media. Then, as a hypothesis: it is possible to design a fully automated social media agent capable of sowing a social network on microblogging platforms. The expectation is that it will be possible to identify common opportunities and difficulties in the development of such tools, which in turn will allow an evaluation of the technology, but above all the level of automation of these facilities. The research is based on a general domain Twitter corpus with 4M+ tokens and on ChatGPT, and discusses both knowledge-based and deep learning approaches for smooth tweet generation. These explorations suggest that for the current, widespread and publicly available NLP technology, troll factories work like a call centre; i.e. humans assisted by more or less sophisticated computing tools (often called cyborgs).
“…In social media marketing, chatbots are used to provide highly available customer channels [34]. There are also bots used to spread religious messages [37] and a botnet of over 350k bots randomly quoting the Star Wars novel without any other apparent behaviour [38].…”
Private and military troll factories (facilities used to spread rumours in online social media) are currently proliferating around the world. By their very nature, they are obscure companies whose internal workings are largely unknown, apart from leaks to the press. They are even more concealed when it comes to their underlying technology. At least in a broad sense, it is believed that there are two main tasks performed by a troll factory: sowing and spreading. The first is to create and, more importantly, maintain a social network that can be used for the spreading task. It is then a wicked long-term activity, subject to all sorts of problems. As an attempt to make this perspective a little clearer, this paper uses exploratory design science research to produce artefacts that could be applied to online rumour spreading in social media. Then, as a hypothesis: it is possible to design a fully automated social media agent capable of sowing a social network on microblogging platforms. The expectation is that it will be possible to identify common opportunities and difficulties in the development of such tools, which in turn will allow an evaluation of the technology, but above all the level of automation of these facilities. The research is based on a general domain Twitter corpus with 4M+ tokens and on ChatGPT, and discusses both knowledge-based and deep learning approaches for smooth tweet generation. These explorations suggest that for the current, widespread and publicly available NLP technology, troll factories work like a call centre; i.e. humans assisted by more or less sophisticated computing tools (often called cyborgs).
“…Some even provide information on religious leaders and mentors and places and times of prayer or meditation. With various tags such as Prayer-Bots and chatbots of the gods, these bots are said to be "changing the face of religion" and highlighting the role of technology in spiritual and religious practices [1][2][3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although research on the ethics and impact of (Chat) GPT on the academic community is quite trendy nowadays [12][13][14], scholarship on its relationship with religious traditions remains scarce. Even though AI and religion are "entangled" through their mutual influences on each other [15], the significant issues mentioned earlier pose the need for a wider research agenda on the intersections of embodied AIs and spiritual and religious practices [1], particularly concerning the feminist project.…”
Religion-based AI chatbots serve religious practitioners by bringing them godly wisdom through technology. These bots reply to spiritual and worldly questions by drawing insights or citing verses from the Quran, the Bible, the Bhagavad Gita, the Torah, or other holy books. They answer religious and theological queries by claiming to offer historical contexts and providing guidance and counseling to their users. A criticism of these bots is that they may give inaccurate answers and proliferate bias by propagating homogenized versions of the religions they represent. These “embodied spiritual machines” may likewise bear bias against women, their gender, and their societal roles. This paper crafts a concept intended to address this GPT issue by reimagining, modifying, and implementing a feminist approach to these chatbots. It examines the concepts and designs of these bots and how they address women-related questions. Along with the challenge of bringing gender and diversity-sensitive religious wisdom closer to the people through technology, the paper proposes a re-engineered model of a fair religion-based AI chatbot.
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