Prävention von Verletzungen bei kleinen Kindern

Abstract

Epidemiological studies in Germany show that infants and toddlers are at most risk of injury and in need of protection. Of all children under the age of 15 years, they have the highest rates of fatal and severe injuries. Therefore, this article aims to show which injury prevention measures have been proven successful for this age group. International specialist recommendations are described and evidence-based knowledge of interventions is presented from the Cochrane Reviews. For the four most frequent child injury mechanisms (drowning, poisoning, burning, and falling), the World Health Organization recommends a set of measures covering legislation, regulations, changes of environment, education, and emergency medical care. Meta-analyses on the effectiveness of interventions related to safety at home conclude that informing parents personally (face-to-face) and in combination with free safety equipment (e.g., safety gates, smoke alarms) increased parents' safety practices significantly. This included advice on not using baby walkers. Multifaceted education programs for parents (e.g., visiting programs at home or in pediatric clinics) proved to have the highest effect in reducing home accidents to children. The prevention of injuries in young children should be driven by a multifaceted and data-based approach. Postnatal interventions (Frühe Hilfen) at the community level are especially useful to integrate accident prevention at home, because they are connected with family visiting programs.

Marked Underreporting of Pertussis Requiring Hospitalization in Infants as Estimated by Capture–Recapture Methodology, Germany, 2013–2015

“…22 A higher pertussis disease burden would be in keeping with observed lower vaccination coverage in western states, most marked in adolescents. [23][24][25] Our results thus indicate that the lower incidences in most western compared with most eastern states as based on national statutory surveillance data available since 2013 14 are due to underreporting and possibly under-ascertainment related to the only recent implementation of statutory notification in western Germany. Indeed, the degree of underreporting was markedly higher in western than in eastern states, although this improved over the course of the study.…”

Enhancing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates through Better Knowledge? Insights from a Survey among German Medical Students

“…Also, the integration of social media showed potential to impact awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of some people toward HPV and HPV vaccination [24]. A systematic survey of vaccination coverage among students (age group 12-16 years) shows that the primary health care system does not reach young people sufficiently and suggests that the public health service should support to identify vaccination gaps [25]. Prevention campaigns have already shown their potential to increase knowledge and awareness on other diseases [7,26].…”

Sociodemographic determinants for risk exposure of child injuries at home with focus on burns

“…Multifaceted education programs for parents (e.g., visiting programs at home or in paediatric clinics) proved to have the high effect in reducing child home injuries. Postnatal interventions at the community level were especially useful for integrating injury prevention at home, because they were connected with family visiting programs (WHO, 2019;Ellsäßer, Trost-Brinkhues, & Albrecht, 2014).…”