Pratiques agricoles et épidémiologie du paludisme en zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun

Atangana, Jean; Fomena, Abraham; Tamesse, Joseph Lebel; Fondjo, Étienne

doi:10.1007/s13149-011-0202-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This study further confirms the role of An. gambiae as the major malaria vector in the southern forested areas of Cameroon and Western Africa and more so in areas of intense large scale agricultural activities as reported previously [1,12,15,27-30]. The observed night biting cycles of the anophelines peaked generally between 10:00 pm and 02:00 am and did not deviate from the prototype described earlier by Gillies and De Meillon [19,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Although all of Cameroon is endemic for malaria, the level of endemicity greatly varies between the various eco-epidemiological zones depending on the vector species present and the permissiveness of the environment to support their breeding [6-11]. Therefore, the efficacy of anti-vector control for malaria would require requisite baseline information such that measures taken are readily adaptable to the local eco-epidemiological situation [12,13]. At least 45 Anopheles species have been reported in Cameroon, 14 of which are implicated in human malaria transmission with varying efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal prevalence of malaria vectors and entomological inoculation rates in the rubber cultivated area of Niete, South Region of Cameroon

et al. 2012

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BackgroundDevelopment of large scale agro-industries are subject to serious environmental modifications. In malaria endemic areas this would greatly impact on the transmission paradigm. Two cross-sectional entomological surveys to characterize the Anopheles fauna and their entomological inoculation rates were conducted during May 2010 (peak rainy season) and December 2010 (peak dry season) in the intense rubber cultivated area of Niete in southern forested Cameroon.MethodsMosquitoes were sampled by night collections on human volunteers, identified morphologically and members of the Anopheles gambiae complex further identified to species and molecular form. Parity status was determined following the dissection of the ovaries. Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite antigen indices were estimated after the identification of CS antigen by ELISA and the average entomological inoculation rates determined.ResultsA total of 1187 Anopheles was collected, 419 (35.3%) in the rainy season and 768 (64.7%) in the dry season. Species found were the M molecular form of An. gambiae s.s (66.8%), An. ziemanni (28.3%), An. paludis (4.7%), An. smithii (0.2%). An. gambiae M-form was the principal species in the dry (56.2%) and wet (86.2%) seasons. Average overall entomological inoculation rate for the malaria vectors varied between the dry season (1.09 ib/p/n) and the rainy season (2.30 ib/p/n).ConclusionsMalaria transmission in Niete occurs both in the dry and rainy season with the intensities peaking in the dry season. This is unlike previous studies in other areas of southern forested Cameroon where transmission generally peaks in the rainy season. Environmental modifications due to agro-industrial activities might have influenced vector distribution and the dynamics of malaria transmission in this area. This necessitates the possible implementation of control strategies that are related to the eco-geography of the area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal prevalence of malaria vectors and entomological inoculation rates in the rubber cultivated area of Niete, South Region of Cameroon

et al. 2012

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“…The region population more than doubled during the last decades due in part to migration of population affected by droughts or displaced by the Boko Haram insurgency. Before LLINs scale-up in the country, malaria parasite prevalence in children of 1–15 years-old, was estimated to vary between 6.5–30.7% ( n = 655) during cross-sectional surveys in the health districts of Lagdo [46, 48]. The EIR was found to vary between 2.7–36.5 infected bites/person/month [49, 50].…”

Section: Situation Of Malaria In Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of malaria situation in Cameroon: technical viewpoint on challenges and prospects for disease elimination

et al. 2019

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Malaria still has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in Cameroon. Despite the increasing number of studies conducted on disease prevalence, transmission patterns or treatment, there are to date, not enough studies summarising findings from previous works in order to identify gaps in knowledge and areas of interest where further evidence is needed to drive malaria elimination efforts. The present study seeks to address these gaps by providing a review of studies conducted so far on malaria in Cameroon since the 1940s to date. Over 250 scientific publications were consulted for this purpose. Although there has been increased scale-up of vector control interventions which significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality to malaria across the country from a prevalence of 41% of the population reporting at least one malaria case episode in 2000 to a prevalence of 24% in 2017, the situation is not yet under control. There is a high variability in disease endemicity between epidemiological settings with prevalence of Plasmodium parasitaemia varying from 7 to 85% in children aged 6 months to 15 years after long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) scale-up. Four species of Plasmodium have been recorded across the country: Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Several primate-infecting Plasmodium spp. are also circulating in Cameroon. A decline of artemisinin-based combinations therapeutic efficacy from 97% in 2006 to 90% in 2016 have been reported. Several mutations in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) genes conferring resistance to either 4-amino-quinoleine, mefloquine, halofanthrine and quinine have been documented. Mutations in the Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes involved in sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine are also on the rise. No mutation associated with artemisinin resistance has been recorded. Sixteen anopheline species contribute to malaria parasite transmission with six recognized as major vectors: An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. nili and An. moucheti. Studies conducted so far, indicated rapid expansion of DDT, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. funestus threatening the performance of LLINs. This review highlights the complex situation of malaria in Cameroon and the need to urgently implement and reinforce integrated control strategies in different epidemiological settings, as part of the substantial efforts to consolidate gains and advance towards malaria elimination in the country.

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“…The high frequencies of insecticide resistance mutations and genes in members of these species’ complexes coupled with their vectorial capacities and competences make them the most abundant and widespread mosquitoes in rural and urban areas. The increase in population density of these anopheline species through resistance to control products is further facilitated by the insecticide pressure acting on aquatic stages developing in agricultural settings, including coffee, sugar cane, cotton and rice fields [ 70 ], market gardening areas [ 76 ] and timber yards [ 59 ]. This insecticide pressure has progressively increased with the intensification of vector control through the distribution of ITNs to pregnant women and children aged < 5 years in the 2002–2011 decade and LLINs in the 2012–2021 decade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of mosquito-borne diseases across rural versus urban areas in Cameroon between 2002 and 2021: prospective for community-oriented vector management approaches

et al. 2023

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Background Over the past two decades, Cameroon has recorded one of the highest rates of urban population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that more than 67% of Cameroon's urban population lives in slums, and the situation is far from improving as these neighbourhoods are growing at an annual rate of 5.5%. However, it is not known how this rapid and uncontrolled urbanization affects vector populations and disease transmission in urban versus rural areas. In this study, we analyse data from studies conducted on mosquito-borne diseases in Cameroon between 2002 and 2021 to determine the distribution of mosquito species and the prevalence of diseases they transmit with regards to urban areas versus rural areas. Methods A search of various online databases, such as PubMed, Hinari, Google and Google Scholar, was conducted for relevant articles. A total of 85 publications/reports were identified and reviewed for entomological and epidemiological data from the ten regions of Cameroon. Results Analysis of the findings from the reviewed articles revealed 10 diseases transmitted by mosquitoes to humans across the study regions. Most of these diseases were recorded in the Northwest Region, followed by the North, Far North and Eastern Regions. Data were collected from 37 urban and 28 rural sites. In the urban areas, dengue prevalence increased from 14.55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2–23.9%) in 2002–2011 to 29.84% (95% CI 21–38.7%) in 2012–2021. In rural areas, diseases such as Lymphatic filariasis and Rift valley fever, which were not present in 2002–2011, appeared in 2012–2021, with a prevalence of 0.4% (95% CI 0.0– 2.4%) and 10% (95% CI 0.6–19.4%), respectively. Malaria prevalence remained the same in urban areas (67%; 95% CI 55.6–78.4%) between the two periods, while it significantly decreased in rural areas from 45.87% (95% CI 31.1–60.6%) in 2002–2011 to 39% (95% CI 23.7–54.3%) in the 2012–2021 period (*P = 0.04). Seventeen species of mosquitoes were identified as involved in the transmission of these diseases, of which 11 were involved in the transmission of malaria, five in the transmission of arboviruses and one in the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The diversity of mosquito species was greater in rural areas than in urban areas during both periods. Of the articles reviewed for the 2012–2021 period, 56% reported the presence of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in urban areas compared to 42% reported in 2002–2011. The presence of Aedes aegypti increased in urban areas in 2012–2021 but this species was absent in rural areas. Ownership of long-lasting insecticidal nets varied greatly from one setting to another. Conclusions The current findings suggest that, in addition to malaria control strategies, vector-borne disease control approaches in Cameroon should include strategies against lymphatic filariasis and Rift Valley fever in rural areas, and against dengue and Zika viruses in urban areas. Graphical Abstract

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Pratiques agricoles et épidémiologie du paludisme en zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal prevalence of malaria vectors and entomological inoculation rates in the rubber cultivated area of Niete, South Region of Cameroon

Seasonal prevalence of malaria vectors and entomological inoculation rates in the rubber cultivated area of Niete, South Region of Cameroon

Review of malaria situation in Cameroon: technical viewpoint on challenges and prospects for disease elimination

Burden of mosquito-borne diseases across rural versus urban areas in Cameroon between 2002 and 2021: prospective for community-oriented vector management approaches

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