PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva

Šekoranja, Daja; Hawlina, Gregor; Pižem, Jože

doi:10.1111/his.14452

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…DPN of the conjunctiva have also been shown to lack diffuse PRAME expression. 18 Overall, although limited by a small sample size and retrospective nature of the study, our results suggest that IHC staining for PRAME expression may be useful in supporting a diagnosis of melanoma in the setting of challenging dermal melanocytic neoplasms and other epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…15 Additional recent studies have evaluated PRAME expression in small sets of DPN, combined DPN, CBN, pigmented epithelioid melanocytomas, and conjunctival combined DPN. [16][17][18] In this study, we examine the utility of PRAME IHC in distinguishing DPN, CBN, CCS, and PEComas from a set of dermal (BN-like and DPN-like) melanomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Additional recent studies have evaluated PRAME expression in small sets of DPN, combined DPN, CBN, pigmented epithelioid melanocytomas, and conjunctival combined DPN. 16–18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation

Kline

Menge²,

Hrycaj³

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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:Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is an immunohistochemical biomarker that is diffusely expressed in most cutaneous melanomas and is negative in most benign nevi. Histologically challenging dermal melanocytic neoplasms, such as cellular blue nevi (CBN) and deep penetrating nevi (DPN), and soft tissue tumors with melanocytic differentiation, such as clear cell sarcoma and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, may resemble primary or metastatic melanoma. PRAME immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of various dermal melanocytic neoplasms and soft tissue neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation. Staining was graded based on the percentage of melanocytes labeled (0–4+ as previously reported). The gold standard was final pathologic diagnosis using histologic, immunophenotypic, and in some cases molecular findings. Fifty-four cases were evaluated. 62.5% (5/8) of blue nevus-like melanomas and 50% (1/2) of DPN-like melanomas were PRAME positive (4+). Of the other tumors, 100% (20/20) of CBN (including 1 atypical CBN with borderline features); 100% (12/12) of DPN, combined DPN, or borderline DPN; 88.9% (8/9) of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors; and 100% (3/3) of clear cell sarcoma were PRAME negative (0–2+). Within the borderline categories specifically, all 8 tumors (1 borderline CBN and 7 borderline DPN) showed low (0–2+) PRAME expression. Overall, the sensitivity for melanoma in this context was 60%, with a specificity of 97.7%. Although our sample size is limited, the results suggest that IHC staining for PRAME may be useful in supporting a diagnosis of melanoma in the setting of challenging dermal melanocytic neoplasms and other epithelioid neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation. However, PRAME IHC lacks sensitivity in this context.

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confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation

Kline

Menge²,

Hrycaj³

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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“…In this scenario, rising attention is being devoted to this marker, and new studies are being conducted in an attempt to increase experiences, report results, and find safer answers [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Human Malignant Melanoma: A Retrospective Study

Cazzato

Mangialardi

Falcicchio

et al. 2022

Genes

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Background: Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer testis antigen (CTA) identified in 1997 through analysis of the specificity of tumor-reactive T-cell clones derived from a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Although at first it seemed even more specific, various studies have shown that PRAME can also be expressed in the context of atypical lesions that do not correspond solely to the definition of malignant melanoma. Methods: A systematic review of English articles was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: 126 records were identified in the literature search, of which 9 were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 53 publications were included. Conclusions: The advent of a new marker such as PRAME is surely a step forward not only in the diagnostic approach, but also in the immunotherapeutic approach to MM. However, various studies have shown that PRAME can also be expressed in the context of atypical lesions apart from MM and, for this reason, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (hence accuracy) are clearly lower. Further studies with larger case series will be necessary to understand better what possibilities are offered in terms of diagnostic reliability by PRAME.

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“…Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) was initially revealed by studies on skin melanoma as an antigen present in tumoural cells and recognized by T cells displaying cytotoxic activity [ 128 ]. In melanocytic lesions of the skin and conjunctiva, it is currently used as a helpful and robust adjunct marker to differentiate benign melanocytic lesions from melanoma [ 129 , 130 ]. Furthermore, the increased expression of PRAME is a marker of poor prognosis in different types of neoplasias, namely, breast cancer [ 131 ], head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [ 132 ], neuroblastoma [ 133 ], osteosarcoma [ 134 ], among others.…”

Section: Current Well-established Prognostic Biomarkers In Uveal Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions

Lamas

Martel

Nahon-Estève

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant intraocular tumour in the adult population. It is a rare cancer with an incidence of nearly five cases per million inhabitants per year, which develops from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes in the choroid (≈90%), ciliary body (≈6%) or iris (≈4%). Patients initially present either with symptoms like blurred vision or photopsia, or without symptoms, with the tumour being detected in routine eye exams. Over the course of the disease, metastases, which are initially dormant, develop in nearly 50% of patients, preferentially in the liver. Despite decades of intensive research, the only approach proven to mildly control disease spread are early treatments directed to ablate liver metastases, such as surgical excision or chemoembolization. However, most patients have a limited life expectancy once metastases are detected, since there are limited therapeutic approaches for the metastatic disease, including immunotherapy, which unlike in cutaneous melanoma, has been mostly ineffective for UM patients. Therefore, in order to offer the best care possible to these patients, there is an urgent need to find robust models that can accurately predict the prognosis of UM, as well as therapeutic strategies that effectively block and/or limit the spread of the metastatic disease. Here, we initially summarized the current knowledge about UM by compiling the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Then, we revisited the most important prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of primary UM cases. Afterwards, we addressed emerging prognostic biomarkers in UM, by comprehensively reviewing gene signatures, immunohistochemistry-based markers and proteomic markers resulting from research studies conducted over the past three years. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues of research in UM.

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PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation

PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation

Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Human Malignant Melanoma: A Retrospective Study

Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions

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