Practitioner perspectives

Barker, Andy

doi:10.1108/qmr.2005.21608aaf.001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We employed varied, novel, and interactive tools in a flexible and iterative protocol derived from consumer research called ‘sequential recycling’ [44]. We adapted or discarded some tools once they were no longer producing new insights, and we added others as new themes and questions emerged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory-driven formative research to inform the design of a national sanitation campaign in Tanzania

et al. 2019

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Introduction There are gaps in global understanding about how to design and implement interventions to improve sanitation. This formative study provided insights for the subsequent redesign of a government-led national sanitation campaign targeting rural populations in Tanzania. Methods The Behaviour Centred Design approach was used to investigate the determinants of toilet building, improvement and use. Varied, novel, and interactive research tools were employed in fifty-five households in two regions of rural Tanzania. Results were analysed to articulate a Theory of Change, which then informed intervention design. Results Participants valued hard work, enterprise, and improving their lives over many years. They wanted better toilets but felt no urgency to act quickly. A common emotional motivator for improving toilets was to protect children from disease (Nurture) but this was insufficient to drive rapid change. Disgust with traditional toilets meant they were built at a distance from the house: an ‘out of sight, out of mind’ attitude. Other powerful motives included the desire to improve living conditions (Create), and to become a modern Tanzanian (Status), albeit without ‘showing off’. Construction costs and water scarcity were the main stated barriers. Receiving information about realistic costs, support accessing materials, and visiting better latrines elsewhere were commonly reported reasons for improving latrines. Conclusions The resulting Theory of Change recommended that the intervention should surprise people with a novel conversation about toilets, promote toilets as a means of conferring status, and introduce a perceived urgency to ‘act now’. It should suggest that modest improvements would lead to a better life. Feelings of disgust and fear with poor quality toilets should be amplified, and barriers lessened through promoting transformational toilet improvements, and improving access to modern toilet products. This research provided considerable insight into sanitation behaviours in rural Tanzania, which informed creative intervention design.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory-driven formative research to inform the design of a national sanitation campaign in Tanzania

et al. 2019

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“…Because of its focus on behavior in 'real-time', BCD FR relies on a flexible and iterative protocol that evolves to explore new insights that emerge during the research. From an initial set of FR tools the protocol was developed and adapted during the fieldwork to stay as 'close to the information' as possible, an approach known as sequential recycling in consumer research 22 . A rolling array of tools was employed, some of which were used throughout the FR, some which were adapted or discarded once they no longer produced new insights, and others which were added to accommodate new themes that emerged during the FR process.…”

Section: Household Interactions and Study Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory-driven formative research to support development of a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demand creation campaign among young women in a South-African township

et al. 2022

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Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective and could reduce the persistent high HIV incidence among young South African women. Demand creation is needed to increase PrEP uptake of this novel prevention technology. Theoretically-grounded formative research (FR) could identify factors to include in a demand creation campaign to motivate young South African women to seek PrEP. Methods: Thirty-four household visits with young women (aged 16–32) were conducted in a township near Cape Town using Behavior Centered Design (BCD), investigating behavior contexts, the social and family environments and psychological processes, using qualitative and interactive tools, such as forced choice dilemmas, ranking games, daily script elicitation and network- and community drawings. Results: The FR generated findings concerning a wide variety of topic areas and identified a range of opportunities as well as challenges for the successful implementation of PrEP promotion in this population. Potential challenges were young women underestimating the consequences of acquiring HIV; taking medicine to prevent a disease (which was an unfamiliar concept) and young women having few responsibilities, making health care seeking and daily pill-taking with PrEP challenging. Potential opportunities that could be leveraged for PrEP demand creation were young women’s desire for trust and emotional closeness in relationships and the limited existing roles for young women, which could provide room for creating new aspirational roles that would motivate young women to take PrEP. Conclusion: A theory-based and context-specific approach to FR led to a broad understanding of the lives and influences on young South African women and generated a comprehensive set of opportunities for intervention.

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Practitioner perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Theory-driven formative research to inform the design of a national sanitation campaign in Tanzania

Theory-driven formative research to inform the design of a national sanitation campaign in Tanzania

Theory-driven formative research to support development of a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demand creation campaign among young women in a South-African township

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