Practicing School Consultants Can Empirically Validate Interventions

Winn, Beth D.; Skinner, Christopher H.; Allin, Jessica D.; Hawkins, James A.

doi:10.1300/j370v20n02_07

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The nonconcurrent multiple baseline design allows researchers to demonstrate experimental control without conducting cases concurrently. However, unlike its counterpart, the concurrent multiple baseline design, the nonconcurrent multiple baseline design fails to assess for history effects (Winn et al, 2004). Specifically, staggering the implementation of treatment across subjects (i.e., the concurrent multiple baseline design) allows researchers to rule out successive coincidences and demonstrate experimental control through the repeated evaluation of history effects (Hayes, 1985).…”

Section: Limitations and Direction For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating functional nonretentive fecal incontinence using a comprehensive behavioral treatment across settings.

Axelrod¹,

Fontanini‐Axelrod²

2022

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

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Objective: Research identifying effective treatments for functional nonretentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI) is limited, making the establishment of empirical evidence-based practice parameters difficult. The purpose of the current study is to add to the literature by examining the effects of a comprehensive behavioral treatment for three children with FNRFI. Method: A comprehensive behavioral treatment involving education about FNRFI, regularly scheduled brief toilet sits, a reward system contingent on successful bowel movements in the toilet, and a cleanup procedure for fecal accidents was implemented at home and at school with three children (age range = 9-12 years), experiencing chronic fecal incontinence with no history of constipation or stool retention and concurrent behavior problems related to toileting. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of the treatment on participants' frequency of soiling, frequency of successful bowel movements in the toilet, and percentage of self-initiated successful bowel movements in the toilet. Results: The treatment resulted in improvements in all three participants' fecal incontinence. Specifically, participants achieved full fecal continence after at least 7 weeks of treatment and maintained gains following the withdraw of the treatment. Conclusion: Results indicate that a comprehensive behavioral intervention implemented across settings can have a profound positive impact on children's FNRFI. Implications for Impact StatementResearch identifying effective treatments for youth experiencing fecal incontinence without constipation or stool retention (i.e., functional nonretentive fecal incontinence) is limited. This study found that a comprehensive behavioral treatment involving education, regularly scheduled brief toilet sits, a reward system, and a cleanup procedure for fecal accidents, implemented at home and school, effectively reduced the frequency of fecal accidents, increased the frequency of successful bowel movements in the toilet, and increased the independent toileting for three children with functional nonretentive fecal incontinence.

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Section: Limitations and Direction For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating functional nonretentive fecal incontinence using a comprehensive behavioral treatment across settings.

Axelrod¹,

Fontanini‐Axelrod²

2022

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

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“…Siden studie 2 ble gjennomført med deltakere fra forskjellige skoler kan designet karakteriseres som et såkalt «non-concurrent» multiple baseline design (Watson & Workman, 1981). Non-current design tillater at deltakerne kartlegges i forskjellige tidsperioder og er spesielt anvendelige for bruk i praktisk rådgivningsarbeid i skolen siden elever med samme behov ofte henvises på ulike tidspunkter (Watson & Workman, 1981;Winn et al, 2004). Non current multiple baseline design har av enkelte blitt hevdet å vaere mer sårbare for påvirkning fra uforutsette hendelser(«historie») av betydning for utfallet enn det som gjelder for tradisjonelle (såkalt «concurrent») multiple baseline design (Carr, 2005;Gast, Lloyd & Ledford, 2014).…”

Section: Valg Av Designunclassified

“…Faktorer knyttet til antall målepunkter og antall deltakere hevdes også generelt å ha større betydning for den indre validiteten (Christ, 2007). Nonconcurrent design er også mindre sårbare for såkalt «spillover» effekt av tiltaket til deltakere i ventefasen («diffusjon») (Winn, Skinner, Allin & Hawkins 2004).…”

Section: Valg Av Designunclassified

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Effects of Articulatory Consciousness Training in First Graders with a Reading Delay: A Randomised Control Trial

Thurmann-Moe

Melby‐Lervåg

Lervåg

2021

Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research

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“…The MBL or MP design is nonconcurrent when they are evaluated at different points in time. This distinction is critical as the nonconcurrent baseline does not control for history as a threat to internal validity (Carr, 2005; Harvey et al., 2004; Winn et al., 2004), although this is sometimes debated (Christ, 2007). Regardless, when the AATD is combined with MBL or MP designs, the staggered panels allow for the verification of baseline rates, making standard control conditions in each panel unnecessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental control in the adapted alternating treatments design: A review of procedures and outcomes

Cariveau

Fetzner

2022

Behavioral Interventions

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The adapted alternating treatments design (AATD) is a single‐case experimental design (SCD) that allows for the comparison of two or more instructional procedures on the acquisition of non‐reversible behaviors. Recent descriptions of quality indicators and methodological practices (e.g., equating target sets) specific to the AATD may help guide researchers and clinicians interested in using this design, although additional descriptions of best practices are warranted. One area that has not been considered previously are methods to demonstrate experimental control in the AATD; a two‐step process that involves experimental procedures and outcomes of the study. The current review analyzed studies published using the AATD in 27 journals to describe researchers' use of methods that allow for the demonstration of experimental control (e.g., no‐treatment control condition or combined experimental designs) and, when present, whether participants' responding suggested that potential threats to internal validity were present. The current review found that authors arranged for some type of control procedure in just over half of the reviewed studies. These studies also commonly adhered to recommended practices by frequently assessing responding in the control condition; nevertheless, participant performance suggesting potential threats to internal validity were common. Recommended practices and areas for future research are considered.

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Practicing School Consultants Can Empirically Validate Interventions

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Treating functional nonretentive fecal incontinence using a comprehensive behavioral treatment across settings.

Treating functional nonretentive fecal incontinence using a comprehensive behavioral treatment across settings.

Effects of Articulatory Consciousness Training in First Graders with a Reading Delay: A Randomised Control Trial

Experimental control in the adapted alternating treatments design: A review of procedures and outcomes

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