Practicing prospection promotes patience: Repeated episodic future thinking cumulatively reduces delay discounting

Mellis, Alexandra M.; Snider, Sarah E.; Deshpande, Harshawardhan U.; LaConte, Stephen M.; Bickel, Warren K.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.010

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…EFT has shown an effect on expanding the temporal window and decreasing the valuation of addictive substances. Indeed, previous research indicated that the effects of EFT grow with repeated administration (Mellis, Snider, Deshpande, LaConte, & Bickel, 2019). Participants are asked to imagine and vividly think about these events (e.g., Where will the event happen?…”

Section: The Reinforcer Pathology Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2; Snider, LaConte, & Bickel, 2016). Indeed, previous research indicated that the effects of EFT grow with repeated administration (Mellis, Snider, Deshpande, LaConte, & Bickel, 2019). In addition, narratives describing long-term romantic relationships are used to expand the temporal window and decrease the valuation of addictive substances.…”

Section: The Reinforcer Pathology Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Reinforcer Pathology perspective on relapse

Bickel

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The Reinforcer Pathology theory proposes conditions under which drugs emerge as excessively preferred reinforcers compared to other available reinforcers among drug users. The theory highlights 2 key variables as important determinants of drug preference: (a) excessive preference for immediate rewards (high discounting of future rewards); and (b) excessive valuation for addictive reinforcers (e.g., drugs). Two iterations of the Reinforcer Pathology theory exist with the latest iteration (i.e., Reinforcer Pathology 2.0) specifying that the temporal window of reinforcer integration (measured by delay discounting) is a determinant of reinforcer value. The 2 iterations of the Reinforcer Pathology theory are described. A novel insight and understanding of abstinence and relapse from a Reinforcer Pathology perspective, limitations, and future directions are discussed. The Reinforcer Pathology theory continues the long-standing efforts to scientifically understand and better define novel concepts and methods to further translational research and improve treatment outcomes. Exploring the complementary relation between the Reinforcer Pathology perspective and other current approaches could have a valuable effect.

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Section: The Reinforcer Pathology Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Reinforcer Pathology Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reinforcer Pathology perspective on relapse

Bickel

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Reducing DD may improve behavior change adherence and contribute to decision-making focused on long-term health goals instead of immediate gratification. Episodic future thinking (EFT), which involves vivid imagination of future events to lengthen time perspective, has been shown to reduce discounting (Mellis et al, 2019; Rung and Madden, 2018; Stein et al, 2016) and energy intake (Daniel et al, 2013b, 2015; Dassen et al, 2016; O’Neill et al, 2016) in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repeated episodic future thinking on the relative reinforcing value of snack food

2020

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Obesity is related to delay discounting and relative reinforcing value of food. Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting after one engagement. The effects of repeated engagement in episodic future thinking are unknown. We explored the effects of daily episodic future thinking on delay discounting, energy intake, and relative reinforcing value of food. Participants completed a delay discounting task, ad libitum buffet, and relative reinforcing value task following one engagement in episodic future thinking/episodic recent thinking and again after 1 week. One week of daily episodic future thinking did not reduce delay discounting compared to one engagement or episodic recent thinking. Engaging in episodic future thinking daily does not impact delay discounting, relative reinforcing value of snack food, or ad lib energy intake compared to one engagement in episodic future thinking.

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“…Moreover, EFT training for individuals with addictive behaviors is suggested to improve the efficiency of other psychosocial interventions aiming to attain emotional reappraisal and correction ( 62 ). Lastly, the repeated regeneration of episodic future thinking events has been shown to progressively increase the temporal window in those with alcohol use disorder ( 63 ). Since addictive behaviors are primarily associated with the pervasive preference of smaller immediate rewards in lieu of larger delayed ones (i.e., steep discounting), and this preference often leads to impulsive maladaptive behaviors such as drug-seeking and drug use ( 64 ), the therapeutic effects of EFT potentially arise from its ability to reduce discounting rates.…”

Section: Episodic Future Thinking: How Could It Put Extinction Into Practice?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagining the Future to Reshape the Past: A Path to Combine Cue Extinction and Memory Reconsolidation With Episodic Foresight for Addiction Treatment

et al. 2021

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Practicing prospection promotes patience: Repeated episodic future thinking cumulatively reduces delay discounting

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

A Reinforcer Pathology perspective on relapse

A Reinforcer Pathology perspective on relapse

The effect of repeated episodic future thinking on the relative reinforcing value of snack food

Imagining the Future to Reshape the Past: A Path to Combine Cue Extinction and Memory Reconsolidation With Episodic Foresight for Addiction Treatment

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