“…In Africa, music instruction places a strong value on community music instruction (Agawu, 1992, 2003a; Kubik, 1974), where learning (usually guided by community master musicians) is fundamentally acquired through playing indigenous musical instruments, singing songs, and performing dances (Herbst et al, 2005; Kigozi, 2008). Performing arts in an African context complement each other (Agawu, 2003; Barrett & Westerlund, 2017; Herbst et al, 2005; Mabingo, 2018), thus reflecting a direct embodiment of the ubuntu philosophy. The ubuntu is a philosophy which explains how African communities relate with one another in their thinking, doing, and being (Mabingo, 2018; Nzewi, 2003).…”