Practices for accessing hormone therapy in male to female transgenders in Maharashtra, India

Rajueni, Khujith; Royal, Abhishek; Pawar, Sanjay; Kumar, Akash; Kumar, Vaibhav

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101071

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, in research focusing on adolescent girls with anorexia, it has been noted that the assumption that parents know what is in the best interest of their children does not always hold true [ 14 ]. Similarly, in the case of abortion laws in India, the requirement of parental or guardian consent has proven to be a major barrier to access to abortion and other reproductive healthcare services [ 65 ]. Further, given the lack of digital literacy in India, the process of obtaining informed consent may further entrench the asymmetries of power and social hierarchies that define the relationship between a medical practitioner and a patient.…”

Section: Identification Of the Key Legal And Policy Challenges: Infor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, there is a widespread stigma against transgender and gender-variant persons in India receiving gender-affirming surgery or hormone therapy. Transgender persons must provide a certification from a psychiatrist affirming their dysphoria in addition to informed consent [ 65 ], indicating skepticism around a transgender person’s ability to determine whether they want to pursue gender-affirming treatments, thus taking away from their right of autonomy. It also provides the additional barrier of a psychiatrist’s referral, which many persons cannot afford [ 66 ].…”

Section: Identification Of the Key Legal And Policy Challenges: Infor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Digital Healthcare in India: Ethical and Legal Challenges

Jain

2023

Healthcare

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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital healthcare has gained an influx of interest and global investment. The WHO has published guidelines and recommendations for countries to successfully implement telemedicine on a large, nationwide scale. This is not only helpful for patients who wish to protect themselves from COVID-19 and related illnesses that they may be vulnerable to, but it also has great potential to increase access to healthcare. In India, a country without universal healthcare grappling with a high level of distrust in the public health system, there are several implementation challenges for digital healthcare across the country. The current laws in India that regulate technology do not explicitly address telehealth, nor are there adequate data protection laws in place that could manage the significant amount of data that would be generated by digital healthcare if applied on a large scale. Further, there are concerns at the level of patient privacy, which could be compromised through digital healthcare. In addition to the legal concerns surrounding privacy, there is no framework in place to ensure informed consent in a digital healthcare context. In this paper, I analyze the legal, structural, and ethical concerns around digital health and provide an understanding of the problems these shortcomings pose, as well as policy recommendations for overcoming these problems.

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Section: Identification Of the Key Legal And Policy Challenges: Infor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of the Key Legal And Policy Challenges: Infor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Digital Healthcare in India: Ethical and Legal Challenges

Jain

2023

Healthcare

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Health care needs and barriers to care among the transgender population: a study from western Rajasthan

Ahuja,

Goel,

Gupta

et al. 2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Transgender people comprise an estimated 0.3–0.5% (25 million) of the global population. The public health agenda focuses on understanding and improving the health and well-being of gender minorities. Transgender (TG) persons often have complex healthcare needs and suffer significant health disparities in multiple arenas. The international literature suggests that this community is at a higher risk of depression, and other mental health problems, including HIV. Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria and seek specific medical needs such as sex reassignment surgeries, implants, hormonal therapies, etc., but are unable to access these services due to financial or social reasons. The objective of this study was to assess the healthcare needs and associated barriers experienced by transgender people in Western Rajasthan. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out in which multilevel stakeholder interviews were conducted using interview and focus group discussion guides. Data was analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis technique. Results: Findings reveal that transgender people have expressed their need to access health services for general health needs, including but not limited to mental health, non-communicable diseases, and infectious diseases. Barriers to healthcare services were identified on 3 levels: health system, social and personal. Health system barriers include policy, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability issues. Social factors such as inadequate housing, education, and job opportunities also play an important role in affecting the individual’s health-seeking behavior. The knowledge of healthcare providers in this context was also limited in context of health insurance schemes, package of services available for transgenders and the importance of gender sensitive healthcare. Conclusion: Transgender people expressed the need for mental health services, programs targeting nutritional improvement, gender-affirmation procedures besides regular screening of non-communicable diseases as operational for males and females. Levels of barriers have been identified at various levels ranging from absence of targeted policies to individual behavior.

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Practices for accessing hormone therapy in male to female transgenders in Maharashtra, India

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Regulation of Digital Healthcare in India: Ethical and Legal Challenges

Regulation of Digital Healthcare in India: Ethical and Legal Challenges

Health care needs and barriers to care among the transgender population: a study from western Rajasthan

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