“…Previous studies have shown that the level of early postoperative pain catastrophization is higher in patients with hemorrhoids (11,12). In patients with hemorrhoids, acute postoperative pain can be summarized into six themes: pain catastrophization belief, persistent negative thoughts about pain, perceived inability to cope with pain, expectation of social support, in addition to painkillers, and anticipation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing technology (11,12). The data were retrieved from the British Medical Journal Best Practice database, the Australian Evidence-based Health Care Center database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China HowNet, Wanfang, and other databases.…”