Practice patterns in the management of acute intervertebral disc herniation in dogs

Moore, Sarah A.; Early, Peter J; Hettlich, Bianca Felicitas

doi:10.1111/jsap.12496

Cited by 54 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…IVDD‐associated pain and neurologic dysfunction are a common clinical problem in pet dogs . Spontaneous canine IVDD occurs in what has been classically believed to be two clinically distinct forms, described by Hansen as type I and type II IVDD .…”

Section: The Canine Clinical Model Of Ivddmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because pet dogs with spontaneous IVDD represent a clinical population, they offer the ability to pursue longitudinal studies of biologic changes associated with aging and degeneration of the IVD, as well as interventional preclinical studies examining biological therapies in a genetically and environmentally diverse population that closely mirrors a human clinical trial setting . Dogs with IVDD are typically diagnosed and managed in a similar fashion to people . Cross sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed for diagnosis, and management consists of symptomatic treatment of pain using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or steroids, opioids, or other drugs targeted at pain and inflammation.…”

Section: Clinical Relevance To Ivdd and Ivd‐associated Spinal Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed for diagnosis, and management consists of symptomatic treatment of pain using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or steroids, opioids, or other drugs targeted at pain and inflammation. Spinal surgery is also often performed for canine “patients” with neurologic deficits or refractory pain …”

Section: Clinical Relevance To Ivdd and Ivd‐associated Spinal Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current available treatment options for both dogs and people experiencing IVDD are either largely conservative and aim to manage pain and discomfort, or highly invasive surgeries which do little or nothing to stop or prevent further degeneration and do not attempt disc restoration. Physiotherapy is often recommended to help both dogs and people build core strength and retain normal everyday movements through relief of compression on the IVDD affected areas .…”

Section: Experimental Studies Using the Canine Model—biological Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In North America alone, between 20,000 and 30,000 cases of spontaneously occurring IVDD in pet dogs are managed by veterinary spinal specialists each year. 8 As a result, the canine IVDD population is highly amenable to large scale veterinary clinical studies which can be conducted with adherence to CONSORT guidelines, National Institutes of Health (NIH) standards for scientific transparency and rigor, and can closely recapitulate a human clinical trial condition. 9,10 Of significant note, unlike most other animal models, dogs with spontaneous IVDD commonly present to the veterinary clinic with IVDD-associated pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

et al. 2018

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Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with an estimated 80% of the American population suffering from a painful back condition at some point during their lives. The most common cause of LBP is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), a condition that can be difficult to treat, either surgically or medically, with current available therapies. Thus, understanding the pathological mechanisms of IVDD and developing novel treatments are critical for improving outcome and quality of life in people living with LBP. While experimental animal models provide valuable mechanistic insight, each model has limitations that complicate translation to the clinical setting. This review focuses on the chondrodystrophic canine clinical model of IVDD as a promising model to assess IVD‐associated spinal pain and translational therapeutic strategies for LBP. The canine IVD, while smaller in size than human, goat, ovine, and bovine IVDs, is larger than most other small animal IVDD models and undergoes maturational changes similar to those of the human IVD. Furthermore, both dogs and humans develop painful IVDD as a spontaneous process, resulting in similar characteristic pathologies and clinical signs. Future exploration of the canine model as a model of IVD‐associated spinal pain and biological treatments using the canine clinical model will further demonstrate its translational capabilities with the added ethical benefit of treating an existing veterinary patient population with IVDD.

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Section: The Canine Clinical Model Of Ivddmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Relevance To Ivdd and Ivd‐associated Spinal Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Relevance To Ivdd and Ivd‐associated Spinal Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Studies Using the Canine Model—biological Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

et al. 2018

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Characterization and modulation of the pro‐inflammatory effects of immune cells in the canine intervertebral disk

Heimann,

Thompson,

Gunsch

et al. 2024

JOR Spine

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BackgroundIntervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration affects both humans and canines and is a major cause of low back pain (LBP). Mast cell (MC) and macrophage (MØ) infiltration has been identified in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration (IVDD) in the human and rodent model but remains understudied in the canine. MC degranulation in the IVD leads to a pro‐inflammatory cascade and activates protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on IVD cells. The objectives of the present study are to: (1) highlight the pathophysiological changes observed in the degenerate canine IVD, (2) further characterize the inflammatory effect of MCs co‐cultured with canine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, (3) evaluate the effect of construct stiffness on NP and MCs, and (4) identify potential therapeutics to mitigate pathologic changes in the IVD microenvironment.MethodsCanine IVD tissue was isolated from healthy autopsy research dogs (beagle) and pet dogs undergoing laminectomy for IVD herniation. Morphology, protein content, and inflammatory markers were assessed. NP cells isolated from healthy autopsy (Mongrel hounds) tissue were co‐cultured with canine MCs within agarose constructs and treated with cromolyn sodium (CS) and PAR2 antagonist (PAR2A). Gene expression, sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, and stiffness of constructs were assessed.ResultsCD 31+ blood vessels, mast cell tryptase, and macrophage CD 163+ were increased in the degenerate surgical canine tissue compared to healthy autopsy. Pro‐inflammatory genes were upregulated when canine NP cells were co‐cultured with MCs and the stiffer microenvironment enhanced these effects. Treatment with CS and PAR2 inhibitors mediated key pro‐inflammatory markers in canine NP cells.ConclusionThere is increased MC, MØs, and vascular ingrowth in the degenerate canine IVD tissue, similar to observations in the clinical population with IVDD and LBP. MCs co‐cultured with canine NP cells drive inflammation, and CS and PAR2A are potential therapeutics that may mitigate the pathophysiology of IVDD in vitro.

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The Role of Fenestration in Management of Type I Thoracolumbar Disk Degeneration

Jeffery

Freeman

2018

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Practice patterns in the management of acute intervertebral disc herniation in dogs

Abstract: Understanding the common practices in the management of canine acute intervertebral disc herniation can provide a springboard for future discussions regarding the best practices in diagnosing and treating this disease.

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

Characterization and modulation of the pro‐inflammatory effects of immune cells in the canine intervertebral disk

The Role of Fenestration in Management of Type I Thoracolumbar Disk Degeneration

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