Practice on treating pharmaceutical compounds (antibiotics) present in wastewater using biosorption techniques with different biowaste compounds. A review

Abstract

Pharmaceutical and Public Care Products (PPCP) enable a healthy lifestyle for individuals, but the non-metabolized components get released to the environment, which creates an adverse impact on the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem. PPCP is considered a secondary pollutant, but it has the potential to become a primary pollutant due to its bioaccumulation and lasting detrimental effects. Primary wastewater treatments like coagulation, sedimentation, and flocculation are not suitable for the exclusion of these contaminants due to their low density and ability to form an emulsion with other constituents. Adsorption is a promising technique due to ease of application, lowcost, and comparatively good efficiency. Adsorbents made from the biological waste make process economical, and proper selection of adsorbent material for the removal of PPCP components reduces the discharge of solid waste to the environment. This review briefly analysis and explain the adsorbents used for seven commonly used second-generation antibiotics, which are used for tract infection.

Valorization of Marine Waste: Use of Industrial By-Products and Beach Wrack Towards the Production of High Added-Value Products

“…It is a process typically independent of energy, employing dead or waste biomass of low cost. Most biological waste materials can be efficiently and directly used as readily available biosorbents for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants and radionuclides from e.g., residual waters (de Freitas et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2019;Beni and Esmaeili, 2020;Fawzy and Gomaa, 2020;Magesh et al, 2020;Ubando et al, 2021; Table 1). Biosorption of pollutants on biosorbents usually includes several mechanisms based on the presence of appropriate functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfate, amide, imidazole, thiol, acetamide, etc.…”

Adsorption-based removal of amoxicillin from aqueous environments: A mini review

“…Studies have shown that over 80% of amoxicillin is excreted in human urine within the first two hours after ingestion, with a portion of its active form not completely metabolized. This results in its presence in effluents from wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from 170 to 1270 ng/L [6][7][8], in surface waters between 120 and 200 ng/L [9], and in hospital effluents, reaching up to 900 ng/L in Australia [10].…”

Complete Elimination of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from Water by the Combination of Adsorption–Photocatalysis Process Using Natural Hydroxyapatite and TiO2

“…The selection of adsorbents is crucial to achieving the highest removal efficiency by adsorption. Different adsorbents, such as clay minerals [26], graphene-based nanocomposites [27], activated carbon [28], biomass [29], and hydroxyapatites [30,31] have been recently exploited for the removal of antibiotics from water, as indicated in the pertinent literature.…”