Practice, learning, and the likelihood of making an error: how task experience shapes physiological response in patients with schizophrenia

Holcomb, Henry H.

doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1834-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Their ability to use feedback regarding joint angles, limb movement direction and velocity/acceleration information may be compromised. An extensive literature documenting their failure to monitor various types of error and error likelihood correctly (Carter et al, 2001;Alain et al, 2002;Holcomb, 2004) is consistent with reports of diminished motor skills. It is not known to what extent they rely on primary and secondary motor cortex when adapting to novel forces.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sequential neural changes during motor learning in schizophrenia

Rowland

Shadmehr

Kravitz

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate differences in neural plasticity associated with learning a unique motor task in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. Working with a robotic manipulandum, subjects learned reaching movements in a force field. Visual cues were provided to guide the reaching movements. PET rCBF measures were acquired while participants learned the motor skill over successive runs. The groups did not differ in behavioral performance but did differ in their rCBF activity patterns. Healthy volunteers displayed blood flow increases in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area with motor learning. The patients with schizophrenia displayed an increase in the primary visual cortex with motor learning. Changes in these regions were positively correlated with changes in each group's motor accuracy, respectively. This is the first study to employ a unique arm-reaching motor learning test to assess neural plasticity during multiple phases of motor learning in patients with schizophrenia. The patients may have an inability to rapidly tune motor cortical neural populations to a preferred direction. The visual system, however, appears to be highly compensated in schizophrenia and the inability to rapidly modulate the motor cortex may be substantially corrected by the schizophrenic group's visuomotor adaptations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sequential neural changes during motor learning in schizophrenia

Rowland

Shadmehr

Kravitz

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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show abstract

“…Other factors might play a role in our null findings, including an anticholinergic burden from medications, a training regimen lacking the necessary intensity, and illness severity and chronicity (Vinogradov et al, 2009b). These factors might account for the absence of expected practice-related changes in neural activation (Holcomb, 2004; Kelly et al, 2006; Wexler et al, 2000). Future studies are necessary to determine the most effective framework for computer CR while incorporating individual differences, such as disorder length and onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: A randomized single-blind pilot study

Rass

Forsyth

Bolbecker

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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Cognitive impairment is a core symptom in schizophrenia that has a significant impact on psychosocial function, but shows a weak response to pharmacological treatment. Consequently, a variety of cognitive remediation strategies have been evaluated to improve cognitive function in schizophrenia. The efficacy of computer-based cognitive remediation as a stand-alone intervention on general measures of neuropsychological function remains unclear. We tested the effectiveness of biweekly training using computerized cognitive remediation programs on neuropsychological and event-related potential outcome measures. Schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to cognitive remediation training (N=17), active control (TV-watching; N=17), or treatment as usual (N=10) groups for ten weeks and run in parallel. Functional, cognitive, and ERP measures revealed no differential improvement over time in the cognitive remediation group. Practice effects might explain change over time on several cognitive measures for all groups, consistent with studies indicating task-specific improvement. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation alone may not be sufficient for robust or generalized effects on cognitive and electrophysiological measures in schizophrenia patients.

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“…Nonwords have been used previously as items within associative recognition tasks (Badham & Naylor, 2011; Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). In general, associative recognition tasks can improve with extensive practice (hundreds of trials) (Kray & Eppinger, 2006; Rogers & Fisk, 1991; Wexler et al, 1997) and have been shown to activate brain regions within the hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, and anterior cingulated areas (Holcomb, 2004; Kumaran & Maguire, 2007; Meltzer & Constable, 2005; Simon, Vaidya, Howard, & Howard, 2011; Wheeler, McAndrews, Sheard, & Rovet, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Dual Tasks to Test Immediate Transfer of Training Between Naturalistic Movements: A Proof-of-Principle Study

Schaefer

Lang

2012

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Theories of motor learning predict that training a movement reduces the amount of attention needed for its performance (i.e. more automatic). If training one movement transfers, then the amount of attention needed for performing a second movement should also be reduced, as measured under dual task conditions. The purpose of this study was to test whether dual task paradigms are feasible for detecting transfer of training between two naturalistic movements. Immediately following motor training, subjects improved performance of a second untrained movement under both single and dual task conditions. Subjects with no training did not. Improved performance in the untrained movement was likely due to transfer, and suggests that dual tasks may be feasible for detecting transfer between naturalistic actions.

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Practice, learning, and the likelihood of making an error: how task experience shapes physiological response in patients with schizophrenia

Abstract: A person's response to perceptual, motor, and cognitive training may help pharmacologists and clinicians better interpret medication treatment studies in this diverse population.

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Sequential neural changes during motor learning in schizophrenia

Sequential neural changes during motor learning in schizophrenia

Computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: A randomized single-blind pilot study

Using Dual Tasks to Test Immediate Transfer of Training Between Naturalistic Movements: A Proof-of-Principle Study

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