Practical Remediation of 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one Wastewater

Abstract

Limiting environmental impact is a top priority for the chemical industry, and manufacturing practices need to be well controlled to avoid any potential contamination. In order to reduce waste streams during the processing of 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO), potentially evironmental hazardous at concentrations of 1 g/l, we investigated the potential remediation and recycling of water using a wide range of commercial sorption media. We studied the effect of experimental conditions, including flow rate, initial contaminant concentration and temperature. This led to the selection of Amberlyst A26 OH in a batch process and Activated Carbon in continuous flow, as the most effective sorption methods. Using high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC‐PDA), NTO was quantified from solutions, before and after remediation, showing a complete removal from a 10 g/l NTO solution. Our purification method therefore appears to be suitable for the remediation of NTO‐contaminated wastewater.

Adsorption behaviour of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-dinitroanisole and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one on commercial activated carbons

“…The AC was quickly saturated with NTO and then underwent repeated adsorption and desorption cycles (Figure 6). This behaviour in batch experiments using AC was also seen in the work by Chew et al (2017). The cycling behaviour is due to the higher rate of adsorption from the bulk fluid to the surface film compared to intra-particle adsorption.…”

“…Granular AC has also been the subject of research on the adsorption of RDX (Morley and Fatemi, 2010), DNAN (Boddu et al, 2009) and NTO (Chew et al, 2017) from water. DNAN has been shown to be removable from solution in water by GAC adsorption with efficiency of up to 99% (Boddu et al, 2009).…”

“…DNAN has been shown to be removable from solution in water by GAC adsorption with efficiency of up to 99% (Boddu et al, 2009). NTO was shown to be removed from solution using AC under flow conditions but batch adsorption studies were not reported meaning adsorption kinetics could not be investigated (Chew et al, 2017). Explosive wastewater treatment facilities have been reported to use Calgon's Filtrasorb 200 due to its efficiency and relatively low cost (Bricka and Fleming, 1995;Fleming et al, 1996;Hinshaw et al, 1987).…”

Practical Colorimetry of 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐One

“…Remediation methods have been investigated for NTO contaminated wastewater [3,4]. These processes have been monitored by analytical techniques, most commonly high pressure liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) or ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry.…”

“…During investigations into the remediation of aqueous NTO, observations were made on the effect of pH on the solubility and visibility of the dissolved explosive [3]. These observations were qualified by HPLC-PDA, titration, colorimetry and UV-vis spectrometry.…”