Practical issues of twin-field quantum key distribution

Lu, Feng-Yu; Yin, Zhen-Qiang; Wang, Rong; Fan-Yuan, Guan-Jie; Wang, Shuang; He, De‐Yong; Chen, Wei; Huang, Wei; Xu, Bingjie; Guo, Guang‐Can; Han, Zheng‐Fu

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab5a97

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…By taking the upper and lower bounds of , we can tightly bound the detection yields and errors, and improve the key rate calculations. [35] 3.3.4.4. Optimizing Decoys: The security proofs of TF-QKD usually assume the use of infinite number of decoys.…”

Section: Misalignmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31] Also, to accelerate the application of TF-QKD, numerous works have investigated its feasibility in practical conditions such as finite key analysis, asymmetric transmission distances, and so on. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Furthermore, efforts have been made in developing new experimental techniques to realize TF-QKD. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] This article serves to survey recent developments in QKD overcoming the linear secret key capacity bound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming the Linear Secret Key Capacity Bound

2020

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A crucial goal for quantum key distribution (QKD) is to transmit unconditionally secure keys over long distances. Previous studies show that the key rate of point-to-point QKD is limited by a secret key rate capacity bound, and higher key rates would require quantum repeaters. In 2018, the seminal twin-field (TF) QKD protocol was proposed to provide a remarkable solution to overcoming the linear secret key capacity bound. This article presents an up-to-date survey on recent developments in this area, including the security proofs of phase-matching QKD and other TF-QKD type protocols, the theoretical examinations of these protocols under realistic conditions, and the recent experimental demonstrations.

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Section: Misalignmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming the Linear Secret Key Capacity Bound

2020

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“…Quantum key distribution (QKD) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] can provide secure private communication between two remote parties, Alice and Bob. In the recent years, the efficiency and security of QKD in practice have been extensively studied, for example very recently the important idea named twin-field (TF) QKD [11], and its variants [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The very recently proposed TF QKD [11], together with its variants [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], changes the key rate into square root scale of the channel transmittance. The protocol can overcome the linear scaling of QKD…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zigzag approach to higher key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin field quantum key distribution with finite-key effects

Jiang

Hai

et al. 2020

New J. Phys.

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Odd-parity error rejection (OPER), in particular the method of actively odd parity pairing (AOPP), can drastically improve the asymptotic key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin-field (SNS-TF) quantum key distribution (QKD). However, in practice, the finite-key effects have to be considered for the security. Here, we propose a zigzag approach to verify the phase-flip error of the survived bits after OPER or AOPP. Based on this, we can take all the finite-key effects efficiently in calculating the non-asymptotic key rate. Numerical simulation shows that our approach here produces the highest key rate over all distances among all existing methods, improving the key rate by more than 100% to 3000% in comparison with different prior art methods with typical experimental setting. These verify the advantages of the AOPP method with finite data size. Also, with our zigzag approach here, the non-asymptotic key rate of SNS-TF QKD can by far break the absolute bound of repeater-less key rate with whatever detection efficiency. We can even reach a non-asymptotic key rate more than 40 times of the practical bound and 13 times of the absolute bound with 10 12 pulses. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische GesellschaftNew J. Phys. 22 (2020) 053048 C Jiang et al [73][74][75]. More precisely, we show that is able to beat the repeater-less PLOB bound [75] established by Pirandola, Laurenza, Ottaviani, and Banchi, which is the fundamental benchmark used in the literature. Experiments [76][77][78][79][80][81] have been done to demonstrate those protocols. In particular, the efficient variant of TF QKD, named sending-or-not-sending (SNS) protocol has been proposed in reference [12]. The SNS protocol has its advantage of tolerating large misalignment errors [12,18] and unconditional security with finite key size [21]. The numerical results show that the secure distance can exceed 500 km even when the misalignment error is as large as 20% [21]. The SNS protocol has been experimentally demonstrated in proof-of-principle in reference [76], and realized in real optical fiber with the finite-key effects taken into consideration [77,80]. Based on the idea of SNS, long distance side-channel-free QKD was proposed recently [9], using coherent states only.However, there are still considerable spaces to further improve the performance of the SNS protocol. For example, the original SNS protocol [12,18,21] is limited to small probability of sending a signal coherent state and this limits its key rate.There are several methods proposed in reference [22] to improve the key rate of SNS protocol, such as the standard error rejection and odd-parity error rejection (OPER) including the method of actively odd parity pairing (AOPP) with infinite key size. Among all those methods, the numerical results show that the OPER, especially the AOPP methods can drastically improve the key rate and secure distance of SNS protocol with infinite key size. But to show the advantage of OPE...

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“…According to whether or not to perform phase post-selection in the test mode, we introduce two protocols. To prove their security, we establish a universal framework against collective attacks, which can be extended to robust against coherent attacks 23 with the technique in ref. 24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized protocol for twin-field quantum key distribution

Wang

Yin

et al. 2020

Commun Phys

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Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variant protocols are highly attractive due to the advantage of overcoming the rate-loss limit for secret key rates of point-to-point QKD protocols. For variations of TF-QKD, the key point to ensure security is switching randomly between a code mode and a test mode. Among all TF-QKD protocols, their code modes are very different, e.g. modulating continuous phases, modulating only two opposite phases, and sending or not sending signal pulses. Here we show that, by discretizing the number of global phases in the code mode, we can give a unified view on the first two types of TF-QKD protocols, and demonstrate that increasing the number of discrete phases extends the achievable distance, and as a trade-off, lowers the secret key rate at short distances due to the phase post-selection.

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Practical issues of twin-field quantum key distribution

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Recent Advances on Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming the Linear Secret Key Capacity Bound

Recent Advances on Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming the Linear Secret Key Capacity Bound

Zigzag approach to higher key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin field quantum key distribution with finite-key effects

Optimized protocol for twin-field quantum key distribution

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