Practical importance of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease

Riederer, Peter; Gille, Gabriele; Müller, Tobias; Przuntek, H.; Reichmann, Heinz; Rieß, Olaf; Schwartz, Armin; Schwarz, Johannes; Vogt, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00415-002-1311-2

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hence, there is a need to develop new treatments aimed at stopping or slowing down the pathological process (Riederer et al, 2002;Schapira, 2009). Indeed, there have been many studies over the years-mainly in animal models of the disease-reporting that some substances or treatments (e.g., deep brain stimulation; Wallace et al, 2007), save or neuroprotect the dopaminergic system in parkinsonian cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP‐treated mice after near‐infrared light treatment

Shaw

Spana

Ashkan

et al. 2009

J of Comparative Neurology

124

121

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This study explores whether near-infrared (NIr) light treatment neuroprotects dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the zona incerta-hypothalamus (ZI-Hyp) from degeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. BALB/c albino mice were divided into four groups: 1) Saline, 2) Saline-NIr, 3) MPTP, 4) MPTP-NIr. The injections were intraperitoneal and they were followed immediately by NIr light treatment (or not). Two doses of MPTP, mild (50 mg/kg) and strong (100 mg/kg), were used. Mice were perfused transcardially with aldehyde fixative 6 days after their MPTP treatment. Brains were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry. The number of TH(+) cells was estimated using the optical fractionator method. Our major finding was that in the SNc there were significantly more dopaminergic cells in the MPTP-NIr compared to the MPTP group (35%-45%). By contrast, in the ZI-Hyp there was no significant difference in the numbers of cells in these two groups. In addition, our results indicated that survival in the two regions after MPTP insult was dose-dependent. In the stronger MPTP regime, the magnitude of loss was similar in the two regions ( approximately 60%), while in the milder regime cell loss was greater in the SNc (45%) than ZI-Hyp ( approximately 30%). In summary, our results indicate that NIr light treatment offers neuroprotection against MPTP toxicity for dopaminergic cells in the SNc, but not in the ZI-Hyp.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP‐treated mice after near‐infrared light treatment

Shaw

Spana

Ashkan

et al. 2009

J of Comparative Neurology

124

121

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“…This is most surprising, because a retrospective study demonstrated that in the decade before onset of classic motor symptoms, PD patients consult their general practitioners (GPs) an average of 5.9 times, which is more than twice as often as age‐matched persons without PD 6. Some progress has been made toward the development of neuroprotective therapies for PD, and encouraging results from clinical trials have been summarized recently 7. Clinical studies aimed at evaluating neuroprotective therapies in humans, however, are unfortunately limited by the rarity in specialized centers of untreated patients in early stages of their disease,7 which is particularly true for atypical Parkinson syndromes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing recognition of early Parkinsonism in the community

et al. 2004

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Because Parkinsonism is underdiagnosed in the community, we have validated screening modalities in the field setting and developed a screening procedure to enhance recognition of undiagnosed patients. In a first survey, we identified suspect cases among patients consulting 9 general practitioners (GPs) over a 3-week period using in parallel: (1) a published questionnaire; (2) a standardized examination by the GPs; (3) clinical impression of the GPs; or (4) pre-established diagnoses. Parkinsonism was ascertained by two neurologists with a 1-year follow-up and FP-CIT-SPECT. In total, 1,411 patients consulted the GPs, 1,030 participated in the study, 87 possible cases were identified by at least one of four screening modalities, 12 suffered from Parkinsonism, and 4 of these 12 were de novo cases. Statistical analysis demonstrated that with appropriate evaluation, the questionnaire is highly sensitive and excludes most nonaffected persons, and that the GPs' clinical impression is more specific. We therefore tested in a second survey the efficacy of a serial screening, starting with the questionnaire, followed by a standardized GP evaluation, and then by neurological examination. Of 1,353 participants seen by 9 GPs during a 3-week period, 5 de novo cases were identified. This simple screening protocol significantly enhances recognition of incipient Parkinsonism.

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“…In addition, there is little evidence that neuroprotective therapies are useful in the clinical setting [108].…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional neuroprotective drugs targeting monoamine oxidase inhibition, iron chelation, adenosine receptors, and cholinergic and glutamatergic action for neurodegenerative diseases

Schyf

Gal

Geldenhuys

et al. 2006

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

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A new paradigm is emerging in the targeting of multiple disease aetiologies that collectively lead to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, post-stroke neurodegeneration and others. This paradigm challenges the widely held assumption that 'silver bullet' agents are superior to 'dirty drugs' when it comes to drug therapy. Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that many neurodegenerative diseases have multiple mechanisms in their aetiologies, thus suggesting that a drug with at least two mechanisms of action targeted at multiple aetiologies of the same disease may offer more therapeutic benefit in certain disorders compared with a drug that only targets one disease aetiology. This review offers a synopsis of therapeutic strategies and novel investigative drugs developed in the authors' own and other laboratories that modulate multiple disease targets associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

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Practical importance of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP‐treated mice after near‐infrared light treatment

Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP‐treated mice after near‐infrared light treatment

Enhancing recognition of early Parkinsonism in the community

Multifunctional neuroprotective drugs targeting monoamine oxidase inhibition, iron chelation, adenosine receptors, and cholinergic and glutamatergic action for neurodegenerative diseases

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