Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure

Löwemark, Ludvig; Bloemsma, M.R.; Croudace, Ian W.; Daly, J. Stephen; Edwards, Robin; Francus, Pierre; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Gregory, Braden R.B.; Huang, Jyh-Jaan Steven; Jones, Anna F.; Kylander, Malin E.; Luo, Yadan; Maclachlan, Suzanne; Ohlendorf, Christian; Patterson, R. Timothy; Pearce, Christof; Profe, Jörn; Reinhardt, Eduard G.; Stranne, Christian; Tjallingii, Rik; Turner, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.044

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Smaller‐scale variations are more comparable too but still show differences that should be considered when interpreting the calibrated data (Figures 4d–4f). The amount of noise varies between the records too but can only be quantified if replicate measurements are available (Löwemark et al, 2019; Weltje et al, 2015). Overall, the similarities between profiles suggest that a log‐ratio calibration curve is significantly better than linear calibrations to directly compare data between labs (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of XRF Core Scanning Results From Seven Labs and Approaches to Practical Calibration

Dunlea

Murray

Tada

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning of marine sediment has the potential to yield near‐continuous and high‐resolution records of elemental abundances, which are often interpreted as proxies for paleoceanographic processes over different time scales. However, many other variables also affect scanning XRF measurements and convolute the quantitative calibrations of element abundances and comparisons of data from different labs. Extensive interlab comparisons of XRF scanning results and calibrations are essential to resolve ambiguities and to understand the best way to interpret the data produced. For this study, we sent a set of seven marine sediment sections (1.5 m each) to be scanned by seven XRF facilities around the world to compare the outcomes amidst a myriad of factors influencing the results. Results of raw element counts per second (cps) were different between labs, but element ratios were more comparable. Four of the labs also scanned a set of homogenized sediment pellets with compositions determined by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and ICP‐mass spectrometry (MS) to convert the raw XRF element cps to concentrations in two ways: a linear calibration and a log‐ratio calibration. Although both calibration curves are well fit, the results show that the log‐ratio calibrated data are significantly more comparable between labs than the linearly calibrated data. Smaller‐scale (higher‐resolution) features are often not reproducible between the different scans and should be interpreted with caution. Along with guidance on practical calibrations, our study recommends best practices to increase the quality of information that can be derived from scanning XRF to benefit the field of paleoceanography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of XRF Core Scanning Results From Seven Labs and Approaches to Practical Calibration

Dunlea

Murray

Tada

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The development of end member mixing analysis (EMMA) techniques for the analysis of grain size distributions has been revolutionary, as it now permits researchers to more precisely model the depositional signature [i.e., end members(EM)] of specific catchment and lake hydrological processes [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The development of X-ray fluorescent (XRF) technology has revolutionized geological research as it can be used to analyze sediment geochemistry much faster and with lower cost than possible using traditional geochemical techniques [23][24][25]. Titanium (Ti) has been demonstrated to be a proxy of lake catchment runoff [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

et al. 2020

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A novel geomatics methodology is presented for locating optimal lake coring sites to potentially capture evidence of paleo-storms. One hundred sediment-water interface samples collected from Harvey Lake, NB, Canada (45° 43′ 45″ N; 67° 00′ 25″ W) were analyzed using: end member mixing analysis (EMMA), which can be used to recognize modal grain size distributions derived from sediment resuspension during major storms; and Itrax X-ray fluorescence core scanningderived Ti, an indicator of catchment runoff, which is enhanced during major storm events. Simple geospatial models based on lake bathymetric and historical wind speed data (Fredericton INTL A climatological station; 1953-2015) were used to determine lake bottom areas susceptible to wave base sediment resuspension. EMMA End Member (EM) 02 (mode = 40 μm) was widely distributed in areas > 4.4 m water depth, which have been unimpacted by wave base remobilization since 1953. Deposition of EM 02 in deeper water areas was interpreted to be of major storm derivation, the result of fallout of resuspended sediments from the water column. This EM was most concentrated in the central part of the lake at >6 m water depth, as well as at the z-max (~ 11 m), and in Herbert's Cove (3-6 m). The main source of runoff derived Ti into the lake was through Sucker Brook, with the highest concentrations in Herbert's Cove and the central part of the lake, including the lake z-max. This assessment indicates that the best undisturbed sedimentary record of paleo-storms is mostly likely in the central part of the lake north of the z-max at water depths of > 6 m, as well as deeper water areas of Herbert's Cove.

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“…A feasible way to evaluate the credibility of each determined element is to calculate correlation coefficients for elements between replicate measurements where high correlations indicate good reproducibility for the respective element. This procedure allows excluding elements with low signal-to-noise ratios (Löwemark et al, 2019), thus reducing the number of elements for statistical evaluation.…”

Section: Core Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental variability at the margin of the South American Monsoon System recorded by a high-resolution sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil)

Zolitschka¹,

Lee²,

Bermúdez³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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High-resolution geochemical and sedimentological data were analyzed for a lacustrine sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil). Four distinctly different depositional processes were determined: (1) Suspension fallout of fine-grained minerogenic particles transferred via fluvial activity dominates the Early Holocene and relates to open grassland in the catchment area; (2) Activation of the karst hydrological system with deposition of massive sand layers indicates increased precipitation at the onset of the Middle Holocene; (3) Minerogenic sediments are replaced by organic deposition due to wetter climatic conditions with the development of forests, which together fostered pedogenesis with the release of dissolved nutrients during the Middle to Late Holocene; (4) Human-induced land-use change caused destabilization of soils in the catchment area with resulting cultural soil erosion between AD 1800 and 1950. These depositional trends are linked to intensity variations of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). Two century-long climatic events detected by high-resolution XRF scanning data confirm this relationship and probably provide signals of the 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age (LIA). Both events document increased rainfall with complex responses of the environmental system. Our SAMS-induced consequences of past hydroclimatic variability on the environment of South Brazil provide background information for better evaluating model projections of future climate change.

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Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Intercomparison of XRF Core Scanning Results From Seven Labs and Approaches to Practical Calibration

Intercomparison of XRF Core Scanning Results From Seven Labs and Approaches to Practical Calibration

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

Environmental variability at the margin of the South American Monsoon System recorded by a high-resolution sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil)

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