Practical Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Chiral Stationary Phase for Pharmaceutical Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Molecular modifications, biological activities, and applications of chitosan and derivatives: A recent update

“…162 In a very recent example, chitosan bis(4-methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutylurea) (Figure 14, compound 8) was chosen as a chiral selector for enantioseparation of a series of chiral drugs. 163 Moreover, comparison in enantioseparation performance of CSPs prepared from chitosan from different sources and molecular height was reported. 164,165…”

“…In an evolutionary sequence, and to reduce the solubility in highly polar solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, another series of high‐average molecular weight chitosan derivatives comprising halogens was synthetized 162 . In a very recent example, chitosan bis (4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐(isobutylurea) (Figure 14, compound 8 ) was chosen as a chiral selector for enantioseparation of a series of chiral drugs 163 . Moreover, comparison in enantioseparation performance of CSPs prepared from chitosan from different sources and molecular height was reported 164,165 …”

“…Over the last years, this class of compounds has attracted great attention due to their wide variety of biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticoagulant 5–8 . The biological activities are greatly affected by the average molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and type of glycosidic and sulfate contents of the compounds and may end up influencing the pharmaceutical and medicinal applications 9–11 …”

Chitosan-Functionalized Methacrylate Monoliths for Mixed-Mode Hydrophilic/Electrostatic Interaction Capillary Liquid Chromatography

“…Furthermore, the chitosan amino group provides a positive charge under acidic conditions, furnishing an electrostatic interaction. Significant research has been done on chitosan and its derivatives as an efficient chiral selector in enantioseparation via normal phase liquid chromatography, membrane chromatography, and efficient adsorbent in solid-phase extraction (SPE). ,− Nevertheless, the poor solubility of chitosan and its swelling ability in the water and organic solvents restrict many of its potential applications. , Moreover, the low stability in acidic media and absence of size selectivity due to the lack of pores are the main drawbacks of chitosan, which must improve to meet the requirements of separation sciences applications. Therefore, the chitosan modification methods such as cross-linking, polymer grafting, and the use in composite systems were attempted to solve these limitations. − The organic methacrylate monolithic polymers have an amorphous structure, and it could react with chitosan to prepare a hybrid composite that offers unique functional properties with tunable mechanical, surface area, and swelling properties as well as chemical and physical resistance in organic solvent. − …”

Study on Quality Control of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Enantiomers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

“…Chromatographic chiral separation can be classified into chiral stationary phase (CSP) method, chiral mobilephase additive (CMPA) method and chiral derivative method. Considering that the chiral derivative method has stringent requirement on derivatization reagent and requires a complex derivation process, CSP and CMPA method were commonly used on enantiomer separation [9,10]. Among the existing chromatographic chiral separation methods, CMPA, an effective one to separate direct enantiomer from chiral compounds, which consists of mobile phase with chiral selector dissolved inside and non-chiral stationary phase.…”