Practical Applications of the Statistics of Repeated Events' Particularly to Industrial Accidents

Newbold, Ethel M.

doi:10.2307/2341203

Cited by 73 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Such a process has been found to be of interest, for example, in the study of accident causation (see, e.g., Chambers and Yule [2], and Newbold [7]); in the study of repeated occurrences in industrial situations (Greenwood and Yule [ 5 ]) ; and in the study of the behavior of security price fluctuations (Press [9 ]). …”

Section: Intiwduction and Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Compound Poisson Process with Normal Compounding

Press¹

1968

Journal of the American Statistical Association

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Section: Intiwduction and Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Compound Poisson Process with Normal Compounding

Press¹

1968

Journal of the American Statistical Association

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“…Their report to the Industrial Fatigue Research Board stated that the results "afford strong grounds for thinking that the bulk of the accidents occur to a limited number of individuals who have a special susceptibility to accidents and suggest that the explanation of this susceptibility is to be found in the personality of the individuals" (preface). Newbold (1927) and Farmer and Chambers (1926) continued the work of Greenwood and Woods, broadening the concept of unequal liability for accidents. Newbold showed that there was consistency in the individual's tendency to have an accident in various circumstances (e.g., accidents at work and home), based on statistical evidence.…”

Section: Introduction Historical Background To Accident Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Accident Liability: A Review and Integrative Approach

Lawton

Parker

1998

Hum Factors

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This paper reviews research since 1970 on the relationship between accident liability and individual differences, focusing specifically on accidents at work. The history of research into accident liability and the methodological problems associated with the research are considered. The review goes on to examine work on the impact of personality factors, cognitive factors, and social factors on the likelihood of accident involvement at work. We suggest that research into individual differences in accident liability should consider two possible routes to accident involvement via errors and/or violations. Although errors are predominantly associated with cognitive factors, violations have their origins in social psychological factors. We also consider the role of stress in mediating the personality-accident association. It is contended that individuals differ in their reactions to stress, so that although some respond by an increase in risk-taking behavior, the effect on others is to increase the likelihood of suboptimal performance in terms of information processing. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of a more sophisticated model of individual differences in accident liability, which should be useful to organizations attempting to promote safety.

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“…In this section, we consider first the assumptions of a Pólya process, developed by Newbold (1927). This model considers several individuals exposed to the same external risk (e.g.…”

Section: The Description Of the Accident Pattern By A Cox Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been obtained as a model, which can describe the accident pattern of a population of individuals during several years, under the hypotheses of "accident proneness", i.e. that individuals differ in their probabilities of having an accident, which remain constant in time (Newbold, 1927). Both of these processes satisfy the Markovian property as this is a property of the accident pattern, i.e.…”

Section: Introduction -Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%