Practical Applications of Quantum Sensing: A Simple Method to Enhance the Sensitivity of Nitrogen-Vacancy-Based Temperature Sensors

Bernardi, Ettore; Traina, P.; Sosso, A.; Tchernij, S. Ditalia; Forneris, J.; Picollo, F.; Brida, G.; Pastuović, Željko; Degiovanni, I. P.; Olivero, P.; Genovese, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.13.054057

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In Ref. [84], the temperature sensitivity reached is ≃ 4.8 mK/Hz 1∕2 in a sensing volume of 1 μm 3 , obtained at a power level (80 mW) that can present biocompatibility problems even if it is distributed in a region of 100 μm 2 . However, the sensitivity obtained is even beyond the one required to monitor biological mechanisms, usually requiring sensitivities of the order of 1 • C. Figure 12 shows that it is possible to perform the temperature measurement with a lower laser power, finding an ideal compromise between the temperature sensitivity and laser intensity impinging on the cell sample.…”

Section: Techniques For Improving Odmr Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this perspective, an improved technique exploiting the application of an intermediate transverse bias magnetic field

B_{bias}^{⊥} ≃

3 mT has been implemented. [ 84 ] Similarly to the case just discussed, the application of

B_{bias}^{⊥}

removes the degeneration of

false| m_{s} = \pm 1 false⟩

and therefore improves the FWHM. The intensity and the transverse direction of that field creates a quantum superposition of states, which is insensitive to magnetic fields but sensitive to temperature.…”

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity and the transverse direction of that field creates a quantum superposition of states, which is insensitive to magnetic fields but sensitive to temperature. [ 84 ] In this configuration, the expectation value of the spin along any direction is small, implying the degeneracy of the hyperfine structure between the levels

false| m_{I} = \pm 1 false⟩

(except for the quadrupole contribution

Q_{gs}

, which separates

false| m_{I} = 0 false⟩

from

false| m_{I} = \pm 1 false⟩

). In Figure 6 the corresponding scheme of the spin energy levels are reported (only the 14 N isotope is considered as it is the most common).…”

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 6 the corresponding scheme of the spin energy levels are reported (only the 14 N isotope is considered as it is the most common). In this situation, the ODMR spectrum reduces to two dips [ 84 ] (instead of 6), providing a substantial improvement in the signal‐to‐noise ratio. This particular orientation of the magnetic field ensures the protection of the measurements from the noise of other possible magnetic fields.…”

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, Figure 12 shows a temperature sensitivity curve versus the laser optical power, obtained by adopting the technique described in Moreva et al. [ 84 ] . As anticipated in the introduction, the application of a transverse bias magnetic field

B_{b i a s}^{⊥} ≃

3 mT, allows to improve the sensitivity of a the NV center based thermo‐sensor with respect to other standard techniques in CW regime.…”

Section: Techniques For Improving Odmr Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

et al. 2020

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Understanding the human brain is one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. As theoretical studies continue to improve the description of the complex mechanisms that regulate biological processes, in parallel numerous experiments are conducted to enrich or verify these theoretical predictions also with the aim of extrapolating more accurate models. In the fields of magnetometry and thermometry, among the various sensors proposed for biological application, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are emerging as a promising solution due to their perfect biocompatibility and the possibility of being positioned in close proximity to the cell membrane, thus allowing a nanometric spatial resolution down to the nano-scale. Still many issues must be overcome to obtain either a sensitivity capable of revealing the very weak electromagnetic fields generated by neurons (or other excitable cells) during their firing activity or a spatial resolution sufficient to measure intracellular thermal gradient due to biological processes. However, over the last few years, significant improvements have been achieved in this direction, thanks to the use of innovative techniques. In this review, the new results regarding the application of NV centers will be analyzed and the main challenges that must be afforded for leading to practical applications will be discussed.

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Section: Techniques For Improving Odmr Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this perspective, an improved technique exploiting the application of an intermediate transverse bias magnetic field

B_{bias}^{⊥} ≃

3 mT has been implemented. [ 84 ] Similarly to the case just discussed, the application of

B_{bias}^{⊥}

removes the degeneration of

false| m_{s} = \pm 1 false⟩

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

false| m_{I} = \pm 1 false⟩

(except for the quadrupole contribution

Q_{gs}

, which separates

false| m_{I} = 0 false⟩

from

false| m_{I} = \pm 1 false⟩

). In Figure 6 the corresponding scheme of the spin energy levels are reported (only the 14 N isotope is considered as it is the most common).…”

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

B_{b i a s}^{⊥} ≃

3 mT, allows to improve the sensitivity of a the NV center based thermo‐sensor with respect to other standard techniques in CW regime.…”

Section: Techniques For Improving Odmr Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

et al. 2020

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Nanodiamond–Quantum Sensors Reveal Temperature Variation Associated to Hippocampal Neurons Firing

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Temperature is one of the most relevant parameters for the regulation of intracellular processes. Measuring localized subcellular temperature gradients is fundamental for a deeper understanding of cell function, such as the genesis of action potentials, and cell metabolism. Notwithstanding several proposed techniques, at the moment detection of temperature fluctuations at the subcellular level still represents an ongoing challenge. Here, for the first time, temperature variations (1 °C) associated with potentiation and inhibition of neuronal firing is detected, by exploiting a nanoscale thermometer based on optically detected magnetic resonance in nanodiamonds. The results demonstrate that nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds provide a tool for assessing various levels of neuronal spiking activity, since they are suitable for monitoring different temperature variations, respectively, associated with the spontaneous firing of hippocampal neurons, the disinhibition of GABAergic transmission and the silencing of the network. Conjugated with the high sensitivity of this technique (in perspective sensitive to < 0.1 °C variations), nanodiamonds pave the way to a systematic study of the generation of localized temperature gradients under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, they prompt further studies explaining in detail the physiological mechanism originating this effect.

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Efficient Fabrication of High‐Density Ensembles of Color Centers via Ion Implantation on a Hot Diamond Substrate

Nieto Hernandez,

Andrini,

Crnjac

et al. 2024

Advanced Physics Research

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Nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are one of the most promising systems for quantum technologies, including quantum metrology and sensing. A promising strategy for the achievement of high sensitivity to external fields relies on the exploitation of large ensembles of NV centers, whose fabrication by ion implantation is upper limited by the amount of radiation damage introduced in the diamond lattice. In this work an approach is demonstrated to increase the density of NV centers upon the high‐fluence implantation of MeV N2+ ions on a hot target substrate (>550 °C). The results show that with respect to room‐temperature implantation, the high‐temperature process increases the vacancy density threshold required for the irreversible conversion of diamond to a graphitic phase, thus enabling to achieve higher density ensembles. Furthermore, the formation efficiency of color centers is investigated on diamond substrates implanted at varying temperatures with MeV N2+ and Mg+ ions revealing that the formation efficiency of both NV centers and magnesium‐vacancy (MgV) centers increases with the implantation temperature.

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Practical Applications of Quantum Sensing: A Simple Method to Enhance the Sensitivity of Nitrogen-Vacancy-Based Temperature Sensors

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

Nanodiamond–Quantum Sensors Reveal Temperature Variation Associated to Hippocampal Neurons Firing

Efficient Fabrication of High‐Density Ensembles of Color Centers via Ion Implantation on a Hot Diamond Substrate

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