“…The specificity of retarded elasticity can be formulated as follows: During unloading in the region of retarded elasticity, material transforms into the state with ε res = 0; i.e., formally, its behavior is elas tic. However, in the loading-unloading cycle, the σ-ε diagram shows a hysteresis loop, which is indicative of strain energy dissipation, and relaxation of retarded elasticity proceeds at a slower rate than that of elastic relaxation [4,6,11,16,59]. This stress-strain behav ior of solids is classified as retarded elasticity or anelas tic behavior [6,16,45,52].…”