“…It needs mention though that the results derived by other researchers considerably differ to each other. That is Kobayashi et al [20] found respectively arc pressures of ~1500 Pa for a single cathode (200 A weld current + 2 mm "arc length") and ~250 Pa for their dual-cathode arrangement; for the same total current and similar experimental setup Zhang et al [22] and Leng et al [23] determined maximum arc pressures of ~500 Pa (single-cathode) and ~95 Pa (dual-cathode).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Norrish [21], Yamada [18,19] and Kobayashi et al [20]. However, we could find the novel developed method also capable of increasing weld travel speed, as to overcome weld defects and rising productivity in GTA weld cladding.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…weld deposition rate e.g. in producing large 9% Ni-steel storage tanks [20]. Electrode geometry and adjustment are stated among the specifics of this method.…”
Gas Shielded Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) -a process well-known providing highest quality weld results joined though by lower performance. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is frequently chosen to increase productivity along with broadly accepted quality. Those industry segments, especially required to produce high quality corrosion resistant weld surfacing e.g. applying nickel base filler materials, are regularly in consistent demand to comply with "zero defect" criteria. In this conjunction weld performance limitations are overcome employing advanced 'hot-wire' GTAW systems. This paper, from a Welding Automation perspective, describes the technology of such devices and deals with the current status is this field-namely the application of dual-cathode hot-wire electrode GTAW cladding; considerably broadening achievable limits.
Key-words:GTA weld cladding; Single-cathode GTAW; Hot-wire welding; Dual-cathode GTAW.
Revestimento com GTAW Avançado: Estado da Arte e AplicaçõesResumo: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) é um processo bem conhecido por proporcionar alta qualidade da solda mas juntas com menor desempenho. Por isto o Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) é frequentemente escolhido para aumentar a produtividade, considerando que a qualidade é também amplamente aceitável. Segmentos da indústria, especialmente àqueles que requerem a produção de revestimentos resistentes à corrosão com alta qualidade, por exemplo, aplicando material de enchimento à base de níquel, estão regularmente sob consistente demanda para atender os critérios "zero defeito". Neste contexto, limitações na soldagem podem ser superadas com o emprego de sistemas avançados GTAW 'arame-quente'. Este artigo, sob a perspectiva da automação da soldagem, descreve a tecnologia de tais sistemas e apresenta o estado da arte nesse campo -principalmente quanto a aplicação do revestimento por GTAW com dois cátodos e arame quente, que amplia consideravelmente os limites alcançáveis do processo.
Palavras-chave:Revestimento por GTAW; GTAW cátodo único; Soldagem arame quente; GTAW cátodo duplo.
“…It needs mention though that the results derived by other researchers considerably differ to each other. That is Kobayashi et al [20] found respectively arc pressures of ~1500 Pa for a single cathode (200 A weld current + 2 mm "arc length") and ~250 Pa for their dual-cathode arrangement; for the same total current and similar experimental setup Zhang et al [22] and Leng et al [23] determined maximum arc pressures of ~500 Pa (single-cathode) and ~95 Pa (dual-cathode).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Norrish [21], Yamada [18,19] and Kobayashi et al [20]. However, we could find the novel developed method also capable of increasing weld travel speed, as to overcome weld defects and rising productivity in GTA weld cladding.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…weld deposition rate e.g. in producing large 9% Ni-steel storage tanks [20]. Electrode geometry and adjustment are stated among the specifics of this method.…”
Gas Shielded Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) -a process well-known providing highest quality weld results joined though by lower performance. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is frequently chosen to increase productivity along with broadly accepted quality. Those industry segments, especially required to produce high quality corrosion resistant weld surfacing e.g. applying nickel base filler materials, are regularly in consistent demand to comply with "zero defect" criteria. In this conjunction weld performance limitations are overcome employing advanced 'hot-wire' GTAW systems. This paper, from a Welding Automation perspective, describes the technology of such devices and deals with the current status is this field-namely the application of dual-cathode hot-wire electrode GTAW cladding; considerably broadening achievable limits.
Key-words:GTA weld cladding; Single-cathode GTAW; Hot-wire welding; Dual-cathode GTAW.
Revestimento com GTAW Avançado: Estado da Arte e AplicaçõesResumo: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) é um processo bem conhecido por proporcionar alta qualidade da solda mas juntas com menor desempenho. Por isto o Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) é frequentemente escolhido para aumentar a produtividade, considerando que a qualidade é também amplamente aceitável. Segmentos da indústria, especialmente àqueles que requerem a produção de revestimentos resistentes à corrosão com alta qualidade, por exemplo, aplicando material de enchimento à base de níquel, estão regularmente sob consistente demanda para atender os critérios "zero defeito". Neste contexto, limitações na soldagem podem ser superadas com o emprego de sistemas avançados GTAW 'arame-quente'. Este artigo, sob a perspectiva da automação da soldagem, descreve a tecnologia de tais sistemas e apresenta o estado da arte nesse campo -principalmente quanto a aplicação do revestimento por GTAW com dois cátodos e arame quente, que amplia consideravelmente os limites alcançáveis do processo.
Palavras-chave:Revestimento por GTAW; GTAW cátodo único; Soldagem arame quente; GTAW cátodo duplo.
“…The welding trial matrices chosen, distinguished in a preliminary phase using a dual-cathode prototype equipment and a final period particularly focusing on industrial application and targeted at achiev- Although focusing on fusion welding, multiple cathode GTAW has been investigated by Norrish [21] , Yamada [18,19], Kobayashi [20] et al However, we could find the novel developed method also capable of increasing welding speed, as to overcome weld defects and rising productivity in GTAW cladding. Yet outstanding in quantitative approval and, hence, only qualitatively suggested at this stage, we suppose that the fundamental mechanism of both low dilution and eliminating weld defects (undercut) arises from a lower arc pressure at the same total current versus single-cathode welding, connected to the specific cathode arrangement in the welding head developed.…”
Gas Shielded Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) -a process well-known providing highest quality weld results joined though by lower performance. Gas metal arc welding is frequently chosen to increase productivity along with broadly accepted quality. Those industry segments, especially required to produce high quality corrosion-resistant surfacing, e.g. applying nickel-based filler materials, are regularly in consistent demand to comply with «zero defect» criteria. In this conjunction weld performance limitations are overcome employing advanced «hot-wire» GTAW systems. This paper, from a welding automation perspective, describes the technology of such devices and deals with the current status is this field, namely the application of dual-cathode hot-wire electrode GTAW cladding, considerably broadening achievable limits.
“…Feeding hot wire to the weld pool allows increasing the weld performance, i.e. weld deposition rate, in production of large 9 % Ni-steel storage tanks [20] . Electrode geometry and adjustment are stated among the specifics of this method.…”
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