PR-1 gene family of grapevine: a uniquely duplicated PR-1 gene from a Vitis interspecific hybrid confers high level resistance to bacterial disease in transgenic tobacco

Abstract

A functional contribution of pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) proteins to host defense has been established. However, systematic investigation of the PR-1 gene family in grapevine (Vitis spp.) has not been conducted previously. Through mining genomic databases, we identified 21 PR-1 genes from the Vitis vinifera genome. Polypeptides encoded by putative PR-1 genes had a signal sequence of about 25 residues and a mature protein of 10.9-29 kDa in size. PR-1 mature proteins contained a highly conserved six-cysteine motif and pI values ranging from 4.6 to 9. A major cluster with 14 PR-1 genes was mapped to a 280-kb region on chromosome 3. One particular PR-1 gene within the cluster encoding a basic-type isoform (pI 7.77), herein named VvPR1b1, was isolated from various genotypes of grapevine (Vitis spp.) for functional studies. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA revealed that all genotypes contained a single VvPR1b1 gene except for a broad-spectrum bacterial and fungal disease resistant Florida bunch grape hybrid, 'BN5-4', from which seven different homologues were identified. Duplication of VvPR1b1-related genes encoding acidic-type PR-1 isoforms was also observed among several genotypes. However, transgenic expression analysis of grapevine PR-1 genes under strong constitutive promoters in transgenic tobacco revealed that only the basic-type VvPR1b1 gene duplicated in 'BN5-4' was capable of conferring high level resistance to bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis in viticulture: a review

“…Therefore, AMF can suppress or reduce plant pests and diseases through the induction of systemic resistance (Pozo and Azcon-Aguilar 2007;Pineda et al 2010;Jung et al 2012). Depending on the plant/pathogen/AMF interaction, MIR could be associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-like priming of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent genes (Khaosaad et al 2007;Gallou et al 2011), but more often coincides with priming of jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses, especially in grapevine (Li et al 2010;Hao et al 2012). In this case, MIR is thought to result from the active suppression of components in the SA-dependent defense pathway, causing systemic priming of JA-dependent defenses (Pozo and Azcon-Aguilar 2007).…”

Expression and Functional Analysis of a Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 Gene, TcLr19PR1, Involved in Wheat Resistance Against Leaf Rust Fungus

“…PR1 genes were first discovered in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (Antoniw et al 1980), then many PR1 genes were identified from many monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants (Mitsuhara et al 2008;Li et al 2011). Most PR1 proteins with molecular weights of 14~17 kD are alkaline.…”

Proteome Analysis of Pathogen-Responsive Proteins from Apple Leaves Induced by the Alternaria Blotch Alternaria alternata

“…Host-pathogen interactions involve complicated defences, generally, host plants express a wide range of resistance-related proteins in response to pathogen attacks, include pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes [3]. A comprehensive understanding of the proteins induced by pathogens will help reveal the complex molecular mechanisms that mediate plant disease resistance and will aid the development of new strategies to increase disease resistance in some economically important crops.…”

“…More recently, the significance of resistance-related proteins has been reported for many plant-pathogen interactions [13, 14], and some intensive attempts have also been made to engineer resistance to apple disease. Several genes have been isolated that are related to apple disease resistance [3, 15–18]. The functions of some PR enzymes, including chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases and peroxidases, which act directly against pathogens, were also confirmed by some assays [15–17].…”