“…By dint of automatic feature engineering, deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, such as image classification [37,36,41,33,32,15,39], visual generation [34,35], image retrieval [40,7,8,12] and semantic comprehension [18,17]. In contrast, neural architecture search (NAS) aims at automatically learning the network architecture to further boost the performance for target tasks [10,20,43,2,19].…”