PPARs and the Development of Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of transcription factors with a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism. PPARs are expressed in many cell types including pancreatic beta cells and immune cells, where they regulate insulin secretion and T cell differentiation, respectively. Moreover, various PPAR agonists prevent diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. PPARs are thus of interest in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as they represent a novel approach targeting both the pancreas and the immune system. In this review, we examine the role of PPARs in immune responses and beta cell biology and their potential as targets for treatment of T1D.

Fenofibrate Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice: Involvements of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and PPAR-α Activation

“…PPAR- α activation increases the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which inhibits NF- κ B, depending on the AMPK pathway and thus reducing inflammation [ 38 , 39 ]. Dealing with hyperlipidemia, fenofibrate decreased TNF α and IFN- γ , but the levels had increased in PPAR α knockout mice [ 40 ]. It was reported that PPAR- α activation could decrease IR-induced liver, heart, and brain injury by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Fenofibrate Exerts Antitumor Effects in Colon Cancer via Regulation of DNMT1 and CDKN2A

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily [ 15 , 16 ]. Studies have demonstrated that PPARA plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Integrated Analysis of Tissue-specific Gene Expression in Diabetes by Tensor Decomposition Can Identify Possible Associated Diseases

“…For example, many neurodegenerative diseases are listed, and diabetes mellitus is widely known to be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases [8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with thermogenesis [13], oxidative phosphorylation [14], and the PPAR signaling pathway [15]. Thus, the proposed method is successful in contrast to the first impression and can identify many diseases associated with diabetes mellitus.…”