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The creep deformation behavior of the northern slope of an open-pit mine is introduced. Direct shear creep tests are then conducted for the samples taken from the northern slope to study the rheological characteristics of the rock mass. The experimental results are analyzed afterwards using an empirical method to develop a rheological model for the rock mass. The proposed rheological model is finally applied to understand the creep behavior of the northern slope, predict the long-term stability, and guide appropriate measures to be taken at suitable times to increase the factor of safety to ensure stability. Through this study, a failure criterion is proposed to predict the long-term stability of the slope based on the rheological characteristics of the rock mass and a critical deformation rate is adopted to determine when appropriate measures should be taken to ensure slope stability. The method has been successfully applied for stability analysis and engineering management of the toppling and slippage of the northern slope of the open-pit mine. This success in application indicates that it is theoretically accurate, practically feasible, and highly cost-effective. Keywords Creep behavior Á Rheological characteristics of the rock mass Á Long-term strength Á Slope stability Á Failure Notation s i Shear stress G(t) Shear modulus t Time c i Shear strain m Shear strain enhancing factor H Tensile strength r ni Normal stress c Cohesion u The angle of friction G 0 = G(0) Instantaneous shear modulus at t = 0 a Constant d Constant s 0 (c i ) Shear stress when r ni = 0, i.e., intercept of the curve s i -r ni in the ordinate axis u(c i ) Inclination angle between the curve s i -r ni and the abscissa axis c i Shear strain _ c Shear strain velocity c f Failure strain, % j Scale coefficient of deformation, usually j = 1.0 g Constant relevant to the plasticity s i Instantaneous shear stress s 0 Instantaneous shear strength s ? Long-term ultimate shear strength F 0 Factor of safety calculated using the instantaneous shear strength
The creep deformation behavior of the northern slope of an open-pit mine is introduced. Direct shear creep tests are then conducted for the samples taken from the northern slope to study the rheological characteristics of the rock mass. The experimental results are analyzed afterwards using an empirical method to develop a rheological model for the rock mass. The proposed rheological model is finally applied to understand the creep behavior of the northern slope, predict the long-term stability, and guide appropriate measures to be taken at suitable times to increase the factor of safety to ensure stability. Through this study, a failure criterion is proposed to predict the long-term stability of the slope based on the rheological characteristics of the rock mass and a critical deformation rate is adopted to determine when appropriate measures should be taken to ensure slope stability. The method has been successfully applied for stability analysis and engineering management of the toppling and slippage of the northern slope of the open-pit mine. This success in application indicates that it is theoretically accurate, practically feasible, and highly cost-effective. Keywords Creep behavior Á Rheological characteristics of the rock mass Á Long-term strength Á Slope stability Á Failure Notation s i Shear stress G(t) Shear modulus t Time c i Shear strain m Shear strain enhancing factor H Tensile strength r ni Normal stress c Cohesion u The angle of friction G 0 = G(0) Instantaneous shear modulus at t = 0 a Constant d Constant s 0 (c i ) Shear stress when r ni = 0, i.e., intercept of the curve s i -r ni in the ordinate axis u(c i ) Inclination angle between the curve s i -r ni and the abscissa axis c i Shear strain _ c Shear strain velocity c f Failure strain, % j Scale coefficient of deformation, usually j = 1.0 g Constant relevant to the plasticity s i Instantaneous shear stress s 0 Instantaneous shear strength s ? Long-term ultimate shear strength F 0 Factor of safety calculated using the instantaneous shear strength
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