Powering Electronic Devices from Salt Gradients in AA‐Battery‐Sized Stacks of Hydrogel‐Infused Paper

Guha, Anirvan; Kalkus, Trevor J.; Schroeder, Thomas B. H.; Willis, Oliver George; Rader, Chris; Ianiro, Alessandro; Mayer, Michael

doi:10.1002/adma.202101757

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The circuit schematic (Figure S7, Supporting Information) has successfully lights up “UESTC” LEDs instantly by the new 3D capacitors at different voltages (≈400–1000 V) ( Figure a). [ 56 ] The equivalent insulation resistance can reach ≈5 GΩ at 600 V (Figure 4b), which could be ascribed to the amorphous wide bandgap structure of the glass and the low roughness of the porous inner wall. The complex‐plane impedance spectrum reveals an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of ≈2920 ohms (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias

Fang

Gao

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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It is urgent to develop small-scale high power pulse systems with high performance, with the further necessity of high-power pulse system in the military and civilian field, such as ERA (Electric Reactive Armor) and AED (Automated External Defibrillator).Dielectric capacitor, combining stable energy storage with high power, is the core device that has been widely applied in pulsed power system. The dielectric capacitors possess the highest power density as compared with other capacitors, such as polymer capacitors, electrochemical capacitor, and etc. [6][7][8][9][10] However, their energy storage capability lags behind due to the lower energy density. The total size and weight of pulsed power system would be reduced significantly if equipping the capacitors with larger energy density. The limited number of charges on the surface of electrodes results in the low energy density of dielectric capacitors. [2][3][4] Many efforts have been done for increasing the specific surface area of the electrodes. Recently, the nanostructured capacitors with large specific surface areas are applied to achieve major advances in energy density of dielectric capacitors. [10,11] The nanostructured designs of dielectric capacitors can be achieved by two methods: a self-assembly technique for the ultracompact capacitors, [3,4,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in porous templates [2,3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] (a 3D nanopore template of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with multilayer film deposition into the nanopores, and a nanopillars silicon template with multilayer film deposition). These methods for increasing the specific surface area of the electrodes are demonstrated to effectively improve the energy density of capacitors. The ultrahigh capacitance density of dielectric capacitor was reported to 100 uF cm −2 , which is 105 larger than that of planer dielectric capacitors. [3,4,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] However, these nanostructured dielectric capacitors just use MIM thin films in 3D nanopore template, which cannot undertake such large voltage in pulse power systems.Dielectric material capacitor is the best choose for ultrahigh pulse power energy storage. The development of dielectric capacitors with both ultrahigh-power density and energy storage density is urgent. 3D dielectric capacitors exceed the conventional planar dielectric capacitors in terms of structure and performance, break through the energy storage limit of

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias

Fang

Gao

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Hence, although the mimicking structure remained the same, NaCl was replaced by LiCl. 41 The maximum power density of 1.8 W/m 2 obtained by Guha et al 41 was 67 more than with NaCl by Schroeder et al, 31 and the improved system was able to power 3 LEDs in series.…”

Section: Biomimetic Electricity Generationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biological approaches to electrical conductance in non-metallic materials for engineered products

Wandall

Lakhtakia²,

Lenau

2022

Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication XII

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The use of electricity is so pervasive that life without it is unimaginable today. The scope of electricity is even widening to encompass wearables and draperies in domestic and professional surroundings. The typical way of conducting electricity is through metallic wires and conduits, which often are integrated permanently into engineered products. This means that we have more and more products with mixed materials that are difficult to recycle, thereby creating a major bottleneck towards the achievement of sustainable urban and rural environments. If electricity could be conducted in another way, new design options would become possible. The bioworld offers ways for conducting electricity without metallic interconnects. Examples range from electric discharges by electric eels to electrolocation by fish to bacterial protein networks that conduct electrons. A review of electrical conduction mechanisms in the bioworld suugests the feasibility of incorporating the underlying bioworld principles in engineered products.

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“…23,27,45 We have previously demonstrated that the composition of ionic species in salinity gradient power sources impacts the resulting power density. 38,50 Here, we directly compare different CC solvents (MEA, DEA, MDEA, AMP, and ammonia) in the same labscale CCRED device and demonstrate that ammonia achieved the highest power density, reaching nearly 1 W m −2 cell −1 . Ultimately, these results suggest that CCRED could potentially contribute to economically motivating adoption of CC technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…When using different CC solvents, the reaction with CO 2 produces different ionic species; sterically hindered amines become protonated and CO 2 forms bicarbonate with water molecules, whereas unhindered amines (MEA and DEA) react directly with CO 2 to form carbamates in addition to generating protonated species and bicarbonate (eqs –). ,, We have previously demonstrated that the composition of ionic species in salinity gradient power sources impacts the resulting power density. , Here, we directly compare different CC solvents (MEA, DEA, MDEA, AMP, and ammonia) in the same lab-scale CCRED device and demonstrate that ammonia achieved the highest power density, reaching nearly 1 W m –2 cell –1 . Ultimately, these results suggest that CCRED could potentially contribute to economically motivating adoption of CC technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Electrical Power during Carbon Capture using Various Amine Solvents

et al. 2022

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There exists an urgent demand for the advancement of technologies that reduce and capture carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions to mitigate anthropogenic contributions to climate change. This paper compares the maximum power densities achieved from the combination of reverse electrodialysis (RED) with carbon capture (CC) using various CC solvents. Carbon capture reverse electrodialysis (CCRED) harvests energy from the salinity gradients generated from the reaction of CO 2 with specific solvents, generally amines. To eliminate the requirement of freshwater as an external resource, we took advantage of a semiclosed system that would allow the inputs to be industrial emissions and heat and the outputs to be electrical power, clean emissions, and captured CO 2 . We assessed the power density that can be attained using CCRED with five commonly studied CC solvents: monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-2-propanol (AMP), and ammonia. We achieved the highest power density, 0.94 W m –2 cell –1 , using ammonia. This work provides a foundation for future iterations of CCRED that may help to incentivize adoption of CC technology.

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Powering Electronic Devices from Salt Gradients in AA‐Battery‐Sized Stacks of Hydrogel‐Infused Paper

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias

3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias

Biological approaches to electrical conductance in non-metallic materials for engineered products

Harvesting Electrical Power during Carbon Capture using Various Amine Solvents

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