Powering an Inorganic Nanodevice with a Biomolecular Motor

Abstract

Biomolecular motors such as F1-adenosine triphosphate synthase (F1-ATPase) and myosin are similar in size, and they generate forces compatible with currently producible nanoengineered structures. We have engineered individual biomolecular motors and nanoscale inorganic systems, and we describe their integration in a hybrid nanomechanical device powered by a biomolecular motor. The device consisted of three components: an engineered substrate, an F1-ATPase biomolecular motor, and fabricated nanopropellers. Rotation of the nanopropeller was initiated with 2 mM adenosine triphosphate and inhibited by sodium azide.

Biological application of multi-component nanowires in hybrid devices powered by F1-ATPase motors

“…8. The experimental result is within the range of 20-40 pN · nm, which is consistent with the results of previous reports (Noji et al, 1997;Soong et al, 2000;Yasuda et al, 1998;Montemagno and Bachand, 1999). The energy for one revolution of the propeller can be calculated as This means that the energy required to complete one revolution of the propellers in our experiment is about 125 pN · nm.…”

“…for the 0.7 μm nanowire. The average frequency of the rotation of nanowires was lower than that of the fluorescently labeled actin filement driven by F 1 -ATPase motor (Noji et al, 1997) and that of propeller made of PMMA by Montemagno (Soong et al, 2000;Montemagno and Bachand, 1999). The total drag torque is calculated as…”

“…Constructing hybrid devices, based on molecular biology and micro/nano fabrication, is increasingly becoming a hot topic (Noji et al, 1997;Soong et al, 2000Soong et al, , 2001Fritz et al, 2000;Huang et al, 2004;Jia et al, 2004;Ren and Zhao, 2006). These hybrid devices offer the potential application in near future, such as in the development of many types of advanced biosensors and force bioactuators used in the medical and therapeutic area.…”

“…These hybrid devices offer the potential application in near future, such as in the development of many types of advanced biosensors and force bioactuators used in the medical and therapeutic area. Of those hybrid systems, much attention has been paid to a wide range of motor proteins (Lee et al, 2003), such as myosin (Dobbie et al, 1998;Kitamura et al, 1999), kinesin (Block, 1998;Hunt et al, 1994), dynein (Gibbons, 1988;Shingyoji et al, 1998), flagellar (Berry and Armitage, 1999;Kaiser, 2000), and ATPase (Adenosine TriPhosphate synthase) (Noji et al, 1997;Soong et al, 2000;Yasuda et al, 1998;Montemagno and Bachand, 1999;, because they can convert the chemical energy derived from the ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Among them, myosin, dynein and kinesin are linear motors, which can carry a cargo and move along a fixed direction.…”

“…All those studies show the possibility of application of F 1 -ATPase motor. Later, the nanoscale biomolecule, F 1 -ATPase, was integrated with the inorganic NEMS to construct a hybrid device (Soong et al, 2000(Soong et al, , 2001Montemagno and Bachand, 1999;. In these works, the engineered propellers made in PMMA coated with nickel were fabricated and assembled on the motors.…”