Powerful terahertz waves from long-wavelength infrared laser filaments

Abstract

Strong terahertz (THz) electric and magnetic transients open up new horizons in science and applications. We review the most promising way of achieving sub-cycle THz pulses with extreme field strengths. During the nonlinear propagation of two-color mid-infrared and far-infrared ultrashort laser pulses, long, and thick plasma strings are produced, where strong photocurrents result in intense THz transients. The corresponding THz electric and magnetic field strengths can potentially reach the gigavolt per centimeter and kilotesla levels, respectively. The intensities of these THz fields enable extreme nonlinear optics and relativistic physics. We offer a comprehensive review, starting from the microscopic physical processes of light-matter interactions with mid-infrared and far-infrared ultrashort laser pulses, the theoretical and numerical advances in the nonlinear propagation of these laser fields, and the most important experimental demonstrations to date.

A canonical view on particle acceleration by electromagnetic pulses

“…As for the 1-D modulational profile, σ is the width of the packet with kσ 1, and v g the group velocity; we ignore packet dispersion. To implement the idea of superluminal carriers, we also consider a dispersion relation of the type ω = c 2 k 2 + ω 2 0 , where ω 2 0 incorporates the effects of the finite transverse dimensions of a wave guide, a possible diffractive geometry related to focused laser beams in vacuum (Esarey et al 1995;Steinhauer & Kimura 2003;Ralph et al 2009;Lemos et al 2018;Fedorov & Tzortzakis 2020) or the effects of a plasma medium (Elmore & Heald 1985). We note that TE 01 and TE 10 EM modes in a wave guide with rectangular cross-section produce a null in the axial magnetic field right at the cross-sectional midpoint.…”

Terahertz Detectors for 6G Technology Using Quantum Dot 3D Concave Convergence Microwheel Arrays

“…6G communication frequencies worked at 0.12, 0.22, 0.28, and 0.42 THz are attracting more attention. However, high-performance detectors in large areas at room temperature are still an enormous challenge. − According to the effective detection area of detectors, the existing THz detectors can be recognized as the micro–nano detectors and the millimeter-scale detectors. The micro and nano detectors are mainly graphene-based nonlinear hall effect (NHE) detector, Bi 2 Se 3 -based electromagnetic induced well (EIW) detector, AlGaN/GaN and PtTe 2 field-effect transistor (FET) detector, PdTe 2 -based photogalvanic effects (PCE) detector, black phosphorus (BP)-based photo-thermoelectric effect (PTE) detector, and Bi 88 Sb 12 -based thermoelectric detector .…”

Transcriptome profiling of guinea pig skin exposed to a high‐power terahertz source

“…The THz lies between microwave and far infrared regions. Until recently, there was no easy and direct process for generating THz sources whose strength are comparable to the powerful high‐energy lasers (Fedorov and Tzortzakis, 2020). The THz has a wide range of potential applications in areas related to imaging such as diagnostics, industrial quality control, security, food inspection, or artwork examination (Afsah‐Hejri et al, 2019; Cheng et al, 2021; Ohrstrom et al, 2015).…”