Powerboat Engine Discharges as a Nutrient Source in High-Use Lakes

Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho

“…The application of a specific nutrient export coefficient to an ungaged inflow was based on similarities in hydrology and land use and land cover characteristics. Annual loads of nutrients from atmospheric sources were estimated with data presented by Stanford and others (1983), Hallock andFalter (1987), andNational Atmospheric Deposition Program (1991). The annual areal deposition rates, in kilograms per square kilometer, were multiplied by lake surface area, in square kilometers, to determine the annual load to the lake.…”

Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho: Insights gained From limnological studies of 1991-92 and 2004-06

“…Annual nutrient loads from precipitation and other atmospheric sources in the 1991-92 study were estimated and published in Woods and Beckwith (1997) based on data presented by Stanford and others (1983), Hallock and Falter (1987) and National Atmospheric Deposition Program (1991). These values were assumed to be constant for the 2004-06 study.…”

The effects of hydrocarbon pollution from a two‐stroke outboard engine on the feeding behaviour ofLythrypnus dalli(Perciformes: Gobidae)

“…Formaldehyde is the major nonaromatic compound formed in the exhaust (Jüttner et al, 1995a). Additional components emitted into the water column by two-stroke engines include nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, both of which are added to gasoline to inhibit the formation of rust and other deposits (Hallock and Falter, 1987).…”