Power Systems Resilience Metrics: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Outlook

Abstract

Recently, there has been a focus on natural and man-made disasters with a high-impact low-frequency (HILF) property in electric power systems. A power system must be built with “resilience” or the ability to withstand, adapt and recover from disasters. The resilience metrics (RMs) are tools to measure the resilience level of a power system, normally employed for resilience cost–benefit in planning and operation. While numerous RMs have been presented in the power system literature; there is still a lack of comprehensive framework regarding the different types of the RMs in the electric power system, and existing frameworks have essential shortcomings. In this paper, after an extensive overview of the literature, a conceptual framework is suggested to identify the key variables, factors and ideas of RMs in power systems and define their relationships. The proposed framework is compared with the existing ones, and existing power system RMs are also allocated to the framework’s groups to validate the inclusivity and usefulness of the proposed framework, as a tool for academic and industrial researchers to choose the most appropriate RM in different power system problems and pinpoint the potential need for the future metrics.

Critical Risk Indicators (CRIs) for the electric power grid: a survey and discussion of interconnected effects

“…Systemic risk involves a system, e.g., a collection of interconnected domains, through which losses, insolvency, and natural disasters can quickly propagate resulting in systemic distress (Billio et al 2012). These interdependencies between diverse components in a system can provide profound insights into the health and risk states of the system as a whole, yet there is a dearth of rigorous definition, understanding, and meaningful review of existing indicators of risk for society's most important systems (Galaitsi et al 2020;Golan et al 2020;Brand and Jax 2007;Raoufi et al 2020;Izadi et al 2021). Additionally, despite a recent surge in studies of intra-system resiliency, there is still a gap in studies of inter-system networks across interdependent sectors (Golan et al 2020;Buldyrev et al 2010).…”

“…In this paper, we fill the gap with a survey of risk indicators for the electric power grid system, identifying those indicators across a range of domains that must be considered to improve the resiliency of the power grid. Definitions of 'resiliency' often overlap with other terms that characterize systemic functional responses (Raoufi et al 2020;Galaitsi et al 2020;Brand and Jax 2007;Maliszewski et al 2012;Akhgarzarandy et al 2021;Izadi et al 2021). Resiliency encompasses multiple components that describe the system's reaction, response to, and recovery from disturbance (Raoufi et al 2020;Voropai 2020;Stankovic 2018).…”

“…Definitions of 'resiliency' often overlap with other terms that characterize systemic functional responses (Raoufi et al 2020;Galaitsi et al 2020;Brand and Jax 2007;Maliszewski et al 2012;Akhgarzarandy et al 2021;Izadi et al 2021). Resiliency encompasses multiple components that describe the system's reaction, response to, and recovery from disturbance (Raoufi et al 2020;Voropai 2020;Stankovic 2018). In this survey, we concentrate on the reactive components of power system resilience (following Raoufi et al 2020) by focusing on the electric grid system's ability to withstand low-frequency, high-impact disasters efficiently while minimizing interruption in electricity supply.…”

“…Resiliency encompasses multiple components that describe the system's reaction, response to, and recovery from disturbance (Raoufi et al 2020;Voropai 2020;Stankovic 2018). In this survey, we concentrate on the reactive components of power system resilience (following Raoufi et al 2020) by focusing on the electric grid system's ability to withstand low-frequency, high-impact disasters efficiently while minimizing interruption in electricity supply. Resiliency emphasizes the addition of risk from acute events and builds upon system reliability which focuses on inherent risk from recurring events (Akhgarzarandy et al 2021;Izadi et al 2021;Stankovic 2018;Ciapessoni et al 2019;Jufri et al 2019;Sperstad et al 2019).…”

Novel trends in resilience assessment of a distribution system using synchrophasor application: A literature review

“…With the increase in HILF events, resilience is becoming increasingly important for the gradually maturing distribution system. Risk based resilience metrics can lead to life‐cycle enhancement of the aging distribution system 6 . As many as 90% interruptions experienced by the customer are due to weather phenomena.…”